Energy-Efficient User Association Strategy for Hyperdense Heterogeneous Networking in the Fifth Generation Systems

Algorithm 1

The Alternate Convex Search algorithm.

(1) Input: , ,

(2) Initialize the maximum tolerance , the maximum iteration number , the iteration index ,

    , and .

(3) repeat  

(4)  Calculate the optimal by solving problem (S1) with input .

(5)  Calculate the optimal by solving problem (S2) with input .

(6)  if  

(7)  then Convergence = true

(8)  end if

(9)  

(10) until Convergence = true or