2D Active Antenna Array Design for FD-MIMO System and Antenna Virtualization Techniques

Figure 6

(a) Our implementation of a 2D FD-MIMO antenna array with the beamforming gain pattern. (b) A classic method to synthesize a wide beam pattern with specific beam widths in elevation and azimuth, using an aggressive amplitude taper, where the majority of antenna array elements are almost unexcited. (c) Method to generate a wide beam pattern using a phase taper and uniform amplitude taper.