International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Review Article

State-of-the-Art Developments of Acoustic Energy Transfer

Table 1

Deployment of the existing AET systems.
References YearFrequencyVibration modeActive rangeEfficiency%Power levelDevice areaApplication
Cochran et al. [43] 19852.25 MHzNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specified60 mW36 × 6 × 1 mm3Implants
Cochran et al. [44] 19882.25 MHzNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specified40 μW–3.2 W5 × 5 × 0.9 mm3Implants
Kawanabe et al. [48] 2001Not specifiedNot specified30 mm20Not specifiedNot specifiedImplants
Suzuki et al. [49] 20021 MHzNot specified40 mm202.1 W30 mm2Implants
Suzuki et al. [50] 2003100 kHzThicknessNot specified365.4 W87 × 134 × 20 mm3Implants
Hu et al. [51] 2003Not specifiedThicknessNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedWall-through
Sherrit et al. [53] 2006Not specifiedThickness2.5 mm53100 WNot specifiedWall-through
Kluge et al. [54] 2007741 kHzThickness5 mm8030 mWNot specifiedWall-through
Arra et al. [58] 2007840 kHzNot specified5–105 mm21–3530–87 mWNot specifiedImplants
Bao et al. [55] 2007755 kHzNot specified3.4 mm (Ti)88100 WNot specifiedWall-through
Bao et al. [57] 200824.5 kHzNot specified4.76 mm (Ti)87-881 kWNot specifiedWall-through
Sherrit et al. [56] 2008Not specifiedNot specified5 mm (Ti)87-881.068 kWNot specifiedWall-through
Shigeta et al. [73] 20094.2/3.15 MHzThickness70 mm0.350.8 mWNot specifiedImplants
P.-J. Shih and W.-P. Shih [67] 201035 kHzNot specified30–70 mmNot specified1.23 mW10 × 10 × 5.5 mm3Implants
Denisov and Yeatman [68] 20101 MHzNot specified10 mm81, 39Not specifiedNot specifiedImplants
Ozeri and Shmilovitz [69] 2010673 kHzThickness40 mm271 W9.75 mm2Implants
Ozeri et al. [70] 2010650 kHzThickness5 mm39.1100 mW137.44 mm2Implants
Mazzilli et al. [126] 20101 MHzThickness50 mmNot specified≈3 mW30 × 1.55 mm2Implants
Roes et al. [71] 201120.46 kHzNot specified1 m5337 μWNot specifiedAir-through
Shigeta et al. [72] 20111.2 MHzThicknessNot specified50Not specified41.36 mm2Implants
Maleki et al. [75] 20112.3 MHzThickness30–400 mmNot specified≈300 μW1.2 × 1.3 × 8 mm3Implants
Bhuyan et al. [76] 2011782 kHzThickness40 mm0.01742.72 mW40 mm2Not specified
Larson and Towe [77] 20111 MHzThickness120 mmNot specified23 mW41.36 mm2Implants
Sanni et al. [78] 2012200 kHzRadical70 mm18 mWNot specifiedImplants
Yadav et al. [74] 201343 kHzNot specified8.6 mNot specified4.4 μW1.2 mm2External
Sanni and Vilches [107] 2013200 kHzRadical80 mm0.2976 μW10 mm2Implants
Kural et al. [81] 201335 kHzNot specified540 mm (Al)7.512.7 mW46 × 21 × 0.25 mmWall-through
Leadbetter et al. [83]20131.07 MHzNot specifiedNot specified45Not specified12 × 5 mm2Implants
Lee et al. [85] 2013250 kHzNot specified23 mm21≈2.6 mWNot specifiedImplants
Kim et al. [87] 2014350 HzNot specified150 mm10−716 μW40 × 8 mm2Implants
Leung et al. [88] 201428 kHzNot specified70 mm (Al)7462 WNot specifiedWall-through
Mazzilli et al. [89] 20141 MHzThickness105 mm1.628 mW5 × 10 mm2Implants
Lee et al. [91] 2014280 kHzNot specified18 mm182.6 mW122.5 mm2Implants
Shmilovitz et al. [92]2014720 kHzThickness85 mmNot specified35 mW15 × 3 mm2Implants
Feng et al. [93] 201513.56 MHzNot specified2 mm (Al)Not specified22.3 mW3 × 3 mm2Wall-through
Fang et al. [94] 20153.4 MHzNot specified100 mmNot specified1 μW1.1 cm2Implants
Song et al. [95] 20151.15–2.3 MHzNot specified200 mm2.712 mW2 × 4 × 2 mm3Implants
Lee et al. [96] 20151.05 MHzNot specified10 mm22.6150 mW30 × 3 mm2Implants
Leung and Hu [97] 201528 kHzNot specified5 mm602 W30 × 3 mm2Others
Shahab et al. [98] 201579 kHzNot specified30.2 mmNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedAmbient
Charthad et al. [100] 201530 MHzNot specified100 mmNot specified100 μW4 × 7.8 mm2Implants