Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna Array Design and an Adaptive Algorithm for Future 5G Wireless Communication Systems

Figure 2

(a) Design concept of the mmW active antenna array for massive MIMO systems, comprising 64-element microstrip patch antennas, 16 front-end modules, eight T-R modules, an eight-channel digital beamforming network and power distribution network, and a reference antenna integrated with a T-R module. (b) Schematic of the front-end module on one channel. (c) Schematic of the T-R module on one channel.

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