Wideband and UWB Antennas for Wireless Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Table 5

Techniques for DRAs excitation.

Feeding technique	Characteristics	Reference
Waveguide	High coupling with high permittivities DRAs achieved through a slot in the waveguide wall.	[171–173]
Aperture coupled	Used to excite a DRA using a microstrip line (a reduced surface waves level is excited).	[174–178]
Microstrip line	Used to excite high permittivity DRAs. For low permittivity DRAs, tall microstrip lines (TMLs) with a dielectric support are used to enhance the coupling [115, 179].	[179–181]
Electric probe	Used to excite a DRA using a coaxial cable.	[182–187]
Strip-fed	Used to excite a DRA when broadband antenna behavior needs to be achieved.	[188–190]