Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Using Arbitrary Arrays for Massive MIMO Systems

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijap/volume-2017/6794920/figures/6794920.fig.006a.svgz" name="6794920.fig.006a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Estimation results of azimuth angle</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijap/volume-2017/6794920/figures/6794920.fig.006b.svgz" name="6794920.fig.006b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Estimation results of elevation angle</td></tr></table>

<div>Estimation results of DOA with 10 dB using <svg height="8.69875pt" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 32.3604 8.69875" width="32.3604pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M137 343C167 482 260 545 321 574C357 591 397 603 429 609L423 641C382 634 335 622 295 608C189 570 37 457 37 238C37 84 125 -12 242 -12C362 -12 447 89 447 209C447 311 374 393 267 393C247 393 226 386 204 376L137 343ZM227 337C318 337 361 256 361 173C361 105 336 22 258 22C176 22 126 120 126 240C126 266 127 291 132 310C155 323 189 337 227 337Z" id="g113-55"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z" id="g113-53"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.386,0)"><path d="M528 54L331 254L528 455L492 493L294 291L96 493L60 455L257 254L60 54L96 16L294 217L492 16L528 54Z" id="g117-42"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.922,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z" id="g113-53"></path></g></svg> configuration.</div>

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Using Arbitrary Arrays for Massive MIMO Systems 