RF Energy Harvesting for Ubiquitous, Zero Power Wireless Sensors

Table 3

State-of-the-art rectifiers used in rectennas.

Reference	Operating frequency	Rectifier topology	Input power level of interest reaching the rectifier	Max. efficiency (%)	RL (Ω)	Vdc (V)
[13]	950 MHz	0.5 μm and 0.18 μm CMOS process transistors	−22 dBm, −21 dBm	—	1 μW, 2 μW	—
[14]	953 MHz	Differential drive 0.18 μm CMOS bridge rectifier	−20 to 0 dBm	67.5 at −12.5 dBm	10 K	1.8
[15]	900 MHz–2.45 GHz	Bridge rectifier (HSMS2820)	−30 to 30 dBm	78 at 23 dBm	200	6.5 V
[16]	945 MHz	2 series diode (HSMS285C)	180 μW/cm^2	32 at 10 μW; 52 at 100 μW	100 pF	2.2–4.5 V