Printable Materials for the Realization of High Performance RF Components: Challenges and Opportunities

Table 1

Comparison of direct write printing techniques.

Print method	Ink viscosity (cP)	Nozzle diameter (μm)	Feature size (μm)	Min. line thickness (μm)	Key benefits
IJP	1–30 [34]	20–60 [31, 39]	20–100 [34]	0.6 [31]	Low cost, multiple heads
AJP	1–1000 [36]	150–300 [40]	10–200 [40]	0.1 [40]	High throughput, thin layers, fine features
DIW	1–1000000 [21, 41]	0.1–1 [21, 42]	1–1000 [42]	0.5 [41]	Most precise, best resolution