Constraint Sparse Maximum Correntropy Beamforming Algorithm against Impulsive Noise to Improve the Performance of GNSS Signal Acquisition

<p>The sparsity of GNSS array obtained from employing the CSMC beamformer with different norm constraints: (a) <span class="nowrap"><svg height="14.7625pt" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-5.47417pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 92.8036 14.7625" width="92.8036pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.065,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.328,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 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International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Constraint Sparse Maximum Correntropy Beamforming Algorithm against Impulsive Noise to Improve the Performance of GNSS Signal Acquisition 