A Series of Frequency Shift Antennas Based on Shape Blending

Table 1

Comparison between the proposed antennas with the recent works.

Reference	Novelty	Antenna design	The resonant frequency	Gain
Li et al. [8]	By embedding p-i-n diodes over the bow-tie arms, leading to an electrically tunable operating band	Dependent on antenna theory	2.4 GHz; 3.5 GHz; 5.5 GHz	0.02 dBi; 2.34 dBi; 2.8 dBi
Altamirano et al. [9]	The frequency reconfiguration occurs by controlling the feeding phase	Dependent on antenna theory	850 MHz; 1.7 GHz	No relevant data available; No relevant data available
Yasir and Savi [10]	Increasing the number of stubs causing an increase in the frequency shift	Dependent on antenna theory	4.49 GHz; 4.64 GHz; 4.99 GHz	0.5 dBi; No relevant data available; 5 dBi
Alibakhshikenari et al. [13]	Broadband antennas loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs)	Dependent on antenna theory	∼4 GHz; ∼6 GHz	2.4 dBi; 3.4 dBi
Sadeghzadeh et al. [14]	Metamaterial-based antenna using the concept of composite right-left-handed transmission lines	Dependent on antenna theory	450 MHz; 725 MHz; 1150 MHz; 1670 MHz; 1900 MHz	All below 4.5 dBi
This paper	Shape blending algorithm for frequency reconfigurable	Independent of antenna theory	8.62 GHz; 8.38 GHz; 8 GHz; 7.6 GHz; 7 GHz	4.8 dBi; 5.5 dBi; 4.8 dBi; 3.8 dBi; 4.7 dBi