Research Article

Design and Study of a Miniaturized Millimeter Wave Array Antenna for Wireless Body Area Network

Table 6

On-body comparison of the 1 × 4 array antenna for different distances.

ParametersFree spaceOn-body 2 mmOn-body 4 mmOn-body 6 mmOn-body 8 mm

Bandwidth (GHz)16.081 GHz15.15316.33915.83115.41
Return loss (dB) @ 60 GHz−16.98795−14.810749−15.827321−13.336266−13.165815
Gain (dBi)5.376.8925.9956.5375.385
Radiation efficiency (%)66.84%46.148.4552.3554.49
Total efficiency (%)65.50%44.5847.1949.9351.86
VSWR1.32951191.44423271.38571171.54897481.5629255