A Novel Low-Profile 5G MIMO Antenna for Vehicular Communication

Figure 3

Designed antenna’s evolution represented as (a) STAGE-1 square patch, STAGE-2 square patch with ring slot, STAGE-3 patch with the ring, loop slot, and coupled U-slot, STAGE-4 with added inverted U-slots, STAGE-5 with extended W-slots, STAGE-6 final patch with all slots and horizontal stub. (b) Reflection characteristics for the respective evolution changes.

(a)

(b)