A Novel Low-Profile 5G MIMO Antenna for Vehicular Communication

Table 1

Comparison of the proposed antenna with existing antennas in literature.

Ref.no	Frequency (GHz)	Dimension (mm^3)	Gain (dBi)	Bandwidth	Efficiency (%)	Isolation (dB)	No. of array	Distance between array elements	Design complexity
[37]	2.45 3.1–10.6	30  ×  40  ×  0.8	—	—	77.5	10	2	6.4 mm	Meandering monopole antenna
[34]	2.4	0.64λ × 0.48λ	2.3	0.9 GHz	—	25	2	—	Isolation structure etched on the ground plane
[43]	3.55	0.29λ × 0.29λ	8.5	0.3 GHz	—	35	2	60 mm	Spacing is very large that leads to larger MIMO structure.
[44]	3.5	140  ×  70  ×  0.97	5	12%	50%	10	2	10.4 mm	Multiple inverted-F antennas (IFAs) on an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground
[39]	2.4/5	77.5  ×  52  ×  1.6	—	0.08/0.675 GHz	77%	15	2	0.115 λo	Two symmetrical winding inverted-F antenna and two decoupling devices for isolation
[41]	2.45	30  ×  30  ×  1.6	—	0.05 GHz	—	10	2	6 mm	Modified serpentine structure with decoupling structures
This work	1.9; 5.9	18  ×  18  ×  0.254	2.93 6.18	1.9% 0.64%	88.3% 90.1%	18	2	1.5 mm	Reduced antenna size, high gain, and efficiency