Research Article

Identification of Control Parameters Using Taguchi Method for Hybrid Real-Binary Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Applications in Electromagnetic Optimization

Table 6

Statistics of the different algorithm results of benchmark functions.

FunctionsHPSO [4]IHPSO [6]GABEO [13]HGWO [14]HDE [5]
AveStdAveStdAveStdAveStdAveStdMinAveStdMinAveStdMinAveStd

8.03E − 043.96E − 031.36E − 055.21E − 051.35E − 012.18E − 017.02E + 018.25E + 012.37E + 012.26E + 023.64E − 081.58E + 013.36E + 012.95E − 041.11E − 011.37E − 014.44E − 085.52E − 022.11E − 01
4.10E − 033.10E − 036.45E − 044.20E − 041.50E − 016.46E − 021.47E + 008.02E − 013.52E − 033.77E − 033.81E − 043.25E − 013.53E − 011.06E − 036.50E − 026.30E − 023.82E − 045.27E − 021.07E − 01
1.89E + 023.39E + 023.51E + 018.19E + 013.25E + 031.38E + 032.81E + 031.19E + 034.03E + 032.11E + 030.039.13E + 011.01E + 0222.141.40E + 026.74E + 017.151.11E + 021.00E + 02
1.06E + 009.20E − 013.37E − 012.52E − 015.63E + 004.00E + 001.83E + 015.62E + 004.29E + 005.00E + 002.49E − 035.16E + 004.52E + 003.36.13E + 001.94E + 000.53.56E + 001.54E + 00
4.04E + 025.77E + 021.57E + 023.71E + 025.08E + 026.66E + 027.96E + 031.51E + 045.90E + 034.65E + 044.259.78E + 022.11E + 0312.14.15E + 014.52E + 014.834.96E + 016.80E + 01
5.26E − 012.54E − 014.79E − 012.41E − 012.16E + 006.14E − 016.71E + 017.01E + 013.09E + 012.91E + 020.091.88E + 014.17E + 012.63E − 023.72E − 012.50E − 018.61E − 026.35E − 019.17E − 01
1.66E − 021.08E − 021.43E − 028.39E − 036.17E − 023.88E − 021.91E − 011.25E − 011.05E − 012.46E − 019.16E − 034.70E − 023.40E − 021.40E − 025.50E − 021.90E − 024.94E − 034.83E − 022.46E − 02
−3.88E + 033.39E + 02−4.53E + 033.95E + 02−4.91E + 032.67E + 02−4.98E + 032.62E + 02−5.48E + 032.26E + 02−5724.61−4.96E + 033.68E + 02−5794.94−5.16E + 034.35E + 02−5747.12−5.14E + 033.12E + 02
2.30E + 018.13E + 002.02E + 018.60E + 002.24E + 016.50E + 002.76E + 017.27E + 001.56E + 016.37E + 007.213.18E + 011.81E + 017.325.36E + 011.16E + 014.533.76E + 011.75E + 01
6.09E − 023.08E − 011.06E − 029.66E − 022.19E + 005.90E − 013.77E + 001.25E + 001.97E + 008.41E − 011.31E − 041.36E + 001.19E + 001.10E − 023.12E − 013.62E − 011.47E − 047.22E − 017.80E − 01
1.68E − 011.19E − 016.75E − 025.74E − 023.80E − 011.57E − 011.66E + 008.64E − 015.93E − 011.96E + 009.86E − 035.79E − 015.14E − 010.215.89E − 011.61E − 014.50E − 024.22E − 012.23E − 01
9.62E − 027.49E − 021.43E − 011.71E − 011.24E + 001.02E + 004.91E + 002.26E + 008.10E − 017.40E − 012.23E − 034.82E − 017.27E − 011.44E − 031.16E − 013.65E − 012.20E − 034.96E − 011.23E + 00
2.64E − 011.32E − 012.28E − 011.11E − 011.01E + 002.92E − 015.24E + 023.75E + 036.96E + 026.92E + 030.212.01E + 021.77E + 036.34E − 023.63E − 015.87E − 012.32E − 023.69E − 016.44E − 01
2.75E + 003.23E + 002.14E + 001.26E + 007.90E + 005.90E + 009.98E − 013.08E − 053.23E + 003.85E + 000.9982.27E + 001.34E + 000.9981.08E + 003.05E − 010.9981.30E + 006.06E − 01
3.01E − 035.49E − 032.46E − 035.43E − 039.39E − 038.95E − 031.29E − 032.16E − 031.69E − 021.40E − 025.86E − 044.00E − 037.00E − 037.38E − 041.00E − 033.00E − 045.91E − 041.07E − 031.96E − 03
−1.03E + 001.26E − 02−1.03E + 007.86E − 03−1.01E + 002.58E − 02−1.03E + 003.16E − 03−9.96E − 013.10E − 02−1.031−1.03E + 006.00E − 03−1.031−1.03E + 006.90E − 06−1.031−1.03E + 001.19E − 04
4.12E − 012.10E − 024.04E − 011.56E − 024.43E − 019.86E − 023.99E − 014.55E − 036.19E − 016.51E − 010.3993.99E − 017.00E − 030.3983.97E − 019.21E − 060.3983.98E − 012.19E − 05
3.00E + 001.42E − 063.00E + 001.25E − 061.15E + 011.88E + 013.00E + 001.17E − 062.26E + 013.34E + 0133.81E + 008.11E + 0033.00E + 003.00E − 0333.00E + 003.04E − 06
−3.84E + 003.64E − 02−3.86E + 008.31E − 03−3.82E + 008.80E − 02−3.86E + 006.85E − 04−3.78E + 001.53E − 01−3.86−3.85E + 003.08E − 02−3.86−3.86E + 005.00E − 04−3.86−3.86E + 002.62E − 03
−3.23E + 008.97E − 02−3.26E + 006.52E − 02−3.19E + 001.28E − 01−3.30E + 003.16E − 02−3.13E + 001.77E − 01−3.32−3.27E + 005.80E − 02−3.32−3.30E + 002.90E − 02−3.32−3.29E + 004.21E − 02
−4.43E + 002.90E + 00−5.44E + 003.38E + 00−3.60E + 002.68E + 00−6.04E + 002.31E + 00−3.10E + 002.44E + 00−10.153−5.37E + 003.00E + 00−10.153−7.77E + 002.13E + 00−10.152−7.46E + 002.49E + 00
−5.00E + 002.93E + 00−6.04E + 003.36E + 00−3.21E + 002.02E + 00−6.49E + 002.51E + 00−2.54E + 001.76E + 00−10.403−6.23E + 003.24E + 00−10.403−8.45E + 002.14E + 00−10.403−8.52E + 002.36E + 00
−5.70E + 003.36E + 00−6.66E + 003.56E + 00−3.19E + 001.88E + 00−6.76E + 002.62E + 00−3.04E + 002.28E + 00−10.536−6.29E + 003.46E + 00−10.536−8.29E + 002.44E + 00−10.536−8.98E + 002.12E + 00

4.2172.876.1745.2176.5224.9572.9573.087

The bold values are the lowest mean values of each function; it is necessary to show the lowest values in bold to probably evaluate the performance of each algorithm.