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| Reference nos. | Types of antenna | Techniques to enhance bandwidth/isolation | Feeding method | Design parameters | Applications |
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| [58] | Meander line monopoles | Decoupling technique | Coaxial feed | (i) Resonant frequency: 2.6 GHz
(ii) BW: 2.5–2.7 GHz
(iii) Isolation >8 dB
(iv) Dimension: 10 mm × 20 mm
(v) Envelope correction coefficient (ECC): 0.025 | (i) USB dongles design
(ii) Wireless communication |
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| [59] | Planar-monopole antennas | Protruding ground stubs | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonant frequency: 3.1-10.6 GHz
(ii) BW: ≥10 dB(wideband)
(iii) Isolation >15 dB
(iv) Dimension: 26 mm × 40 mm
(v) Gain: 0.9–6.5 dBi
(vi) ECC: 0.025 | (i) Portable UWB applications |
|
| [60] | S-shaped monopole antenna | Neutralization line and decoupling | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonant frequency: 1.62-2.92 GHz
(ii) BW: 1.3 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >40 dB
(iv) Dimension: 100 mm × 60 mm
(v) Gain: 5 dBi
(vi) ECC: 0.009 | (i) Mobile terminals
(ii) GSM1900,
(iii) GSM1800,
(iv) UMTS,
(v) LTE2500,
(vi) LTE2300 and 2.4 GHz,
(vii) WLAN |
|
| [61] | Rectangular and circular patch antenna | Radiator strip and ground plane | Coaxial-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: multiband between 1.5 and 2.7 GHz
(ii) Isolation: >13 dB
(iii) Gain: 6.622 dBi
6.01 dBi at 28 GHz
(iv) 7.35 dBi, and 2.2 GHz, and 1.5 GHz
(v) SAR: 1.5 G Hz value is 0.205 W/kg, 2.2 GHz it is 0.471 W/kg | (i) GSM, LTE, mm wave bands
(ii) 5G mobile applications |
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| [62] | Circular monopole and quarter loop | Pattern diversity | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 2–9.5 GHz
(ii) BW: 7.5 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >40 dB
(iv) Total efficiency: 70%
(v) Dimension: 110 mm × 60 mm
(vi) Gain: 1.5 dBi
(vii) ECC: 0.03 | (i) Mobile applications |
|
| [63] | Counter facing F-shaped monopole antenna | Elliptical slot and parasitic strip | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: (5.7 – 6.2 GHz) and (3.2–3.8 GHz),
(ii) BW: 5.2–5.4 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >20 dB
(iv) Dimension: 30 mm × 26 mm
(v) Gain: 1.5 and 2.8 dBi
(vi) ECC: 0.03 | (i) Wi-MAX
(ii) WLAN
(iii) Applications |
|
| [64] | Circular disk monopole | Rectangular ground surface | Coplanar waveguide feed | (i) Resonance frequency: (3.01 –12.5 GHz)
(ii) BW: 3.03–10.74 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >20 dB
(iv) Dimension: 81 mm × 87 mm × 1.6 mm
(v) Gain: 5 to 9 dBi
(vi) ECC: <0.1 | (i) Mobile communication |
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| [65] | Patch antenna | I-shape DGS and T-shape DGS | Coaxial-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 5.25–5.3 GHz
(ii) BW: 0.5 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >25 dB
(iv) Dimension: 60 mm × 50 mm × 1.46 mm
(v) Gain: 7.88 dBi
(vi) ECC: 0.03 | (i) WiMAX
(ii) Wi-Fi
(iii) 5G services |
|
| [66] | T-shape antenna | T-shape slot | Coaxial probe feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 2.4 GHz
(ii) BW: 2.3–2.6 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >25 dB
(iv) Dimension: 35 mm × 45 mm | (i) ISM band |
|
| [67] | F-shape monopole antenna radiators | Folded U-shaped slot and mushroom type EBG structure | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 7.3 GHz and 8.2 GHz
(ii) BW: (5.2–6 GHz), (7.9–8.2 GHz) (dual band)
(iii) Isolation: >25 dB
(iv) Dimension: 20.8 mm × 20.8 mm × 19 mm
(v) Gain: 7 dBi
(vi) ECC: >0.5 | (i) UWB applications
(ii) X-band uplink/downlink satellite communications |
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| [68] | Olympeak-shaped structure | Partial ground with bent corners and a square slot on the middle in ground | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 4.4 GHz
(ii) BW: 23–33 GHz and 37.75–41 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >20 dB
(iv) Dimension: 48 mm × 12 mm × 0.8 mm
(v) Gain: 5.7 dBi | (i) 5G applications |
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| [69] | Fractal-based patch antenna | Sierpiński triangle fractal | Open-circuited feed line through a coplanar waveguide | (i) BW: 1.95 and 2.7 GHz and 4.2–4.3 GHz
(ii) Isolation: >10 dB
(iii) Dimension: 40 mm × 30 mm × 1.67 mm
(iv) Gain: 5.5 dBi | (i) 5G applications |
|
| [70] | Crescent-shape patch | DGS with circular slot | Inset-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 28 GHz and 38 GHz
(ii) BW: 3.05GHz and 2.41 GHz
(iii) Isolation: >30 dB
(iv) Dimension: 33 mm × 33 mm × 0.203 mm
(v) Gain: 8.14 dB and 8.04 dB at 28 GHz and 38 GHz | (i) 5G millimeter-wave applications |
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