|
| Reference | System model | Parameters | Scenarios | Measurement |
|
| [4] | Car following model | Communication range, vehicle speed, the length of vehicle, the safe distance, and traffic lights | Urban road with intersections | No |
| [5, 18, 47] | The vehicle speed follows Gaussian distribution and the arrival time of vehicles obeys an exponential distribution | Communication range, vehicle speed, density and arrival rate, the ratio of active cars, the vehicle safety distance, user behavior, the ratio of cars transmit signals, and the distance between two adjacent RSUs | A two-way lane and an one-wayone-lane highway | No |
| [6] | A unit disk graph radio connectivity model | Vehicle movements, transmission range, and the number of neighbors | Highway | Yes |
| [7, 38–40, 48] | The arrival of vehicles obeys the Poisson distribution | Vehicle movements, transmission range, velocity, the probability of a car passing through the entrance or exit, and vehicle arrival rate | Highway | No |
| [8] | The arrival of vehicles obeys a Poisson distribution and the adjacent vehicle arrival time and the adjacent vehicle distance follow the exponential distribution; generalized speed factor system model | The number of road lanes, vehicle density and speed, transmission range, the vehicular mobility, and the vehicle arrival rate | Highway | No |
| [11] | A simple unit disk model | The vehicular speed, communication range, and the component speed and size | Urban | Yes |
| [14, 15, 49] | A Poisson distribution, a UD model; log-normal shadowing model | The coverage range of BSs and vehicles, vehicle density, inter-BS distance, multihop communication, average length of vehicles, minimum safety headway, the distribution of vehicles, and one-hop transmission range | A road | No |
| [16] | A multipriority Markov model | The coverage of RSUs and vehicles, traffic density, the platoon ratio of VANET, and the distance of adjacent RSUs | One-way road and two-way road | No |
| [17] | The arrival of vehicles obeys a homogeneous Poisson process; Nakagami distribution | User behavior, active vehicle ratio, traffic flow, and the channel fading factors | Highway | No |
| [50] | The arrival of vehicles follows homogenous Poisson process; Nakagami-m distribution | Nakagami fading parameter, transmission power, PL exponent, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold value | A road | No |
| [51] | In free-flowing traffic and congestion conditions, the headway distance follows the exponential distribution and the Gaussian unitary ensemble distribution, respectively; Nakagami-m model | Headway distance and vehicle density | Highway | Yes |
| [52, 53] | Path loss model | Adverse weather conditions, traffic density, communication range, and path loss threshold value | A two-lane road; intersection | Yes |
| [19–25] | A queuing theoretic model, path loss model, Nakagami, Rayleigh, Weibull, and rice fading model | PL exponent, shadow fading, fading factors, vehicle density, vehicle speed, vehicle arrival rate, transmission range, and received SNR threshold | Highway | No |
| [1, 37] | Traffic flow model, path loss model, and small-scale fading model | Different traffic flows and effective communication coverage | Highway | Yes |
| [27, 28] | The dual-slope path loss and traffic flow model | Path loss exponent, traffic flow, and intervehicle distance | Urban; highway | No |
| [30, 31] | An equivalent traffic model based on queuing theory | Transmission range, traffic parameters, and transmission range | Unidirectional lane road; highway | No |
| [10, 32] | Two mobility models | The mobility pattern, transmission range, bus routes, traffic lights, and background traffic | Streets | No |
| [36, 54] | The Poisson traffic model, the UD model, and log-normal shadowing model | Distance between adjacent BSs, radio coverage range of vehicle, traffic density, the number of roadside infrastructure, data sinks, the maximum number of hops in a propagation path, and intervehicle distance | The road between two adjacent BSs | No |
| [41] | The cluster-based analytical model, the UD model, and log-normal shadowing model | Propagation distance, vehicle density, the distribution of vehicle, one-hop transmission range, and the minimum safety distance of two adjacent cars | Highway | No |
| [55] | Dynamic clustering model, the adjacent vehicle distances follow the exponential distribution, and the distribution of vehicles obeys the homogenous Poisson distribution | Vehicle driving, vehicle speed, and the traffic environment features | Urban | No |
| [56] | The arrival time of vehicles obeys exponential distribution and the vehicle speed follows the Gaussian distribution | Vehicle density, vehicles communication range, and the minimum safety distance | A two-lane road | No |
| [57] | The exponential distribution model and generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution | Intervehicle spacing distribution and vehicle density | Highway | No |
| [42] | The cell transmission model and Rayleigh distribution | The vehicle flow, the message size, the communication radius, the path loss exponent, and the data rate | Freeway | No |
| [58] | A new cellular automata-based mobility model | Traffic density | Urban intersection | No |
| [59] | The triangular model | The transmission range, vehicle density, and street width | Intersection | No |
| [60] | BA-realtime, BA-realtime + TL, and BA-fullroad | Vehicle mobility model, vehicle density, vehicle speed, transmission range, and the position and number of RSUs | A road | No |
| [61] | Microscopic mobility and lane changing decision model | Network metric data delivery rate, vehicle density, velocity and arrival rate, deceleration or acceleration, and the safety gap | Highway | No |
| [62] | Microscopic models | Communication range, vehicular density, the number of highway lanes, and the speed and specific daytime | Highway | No |
| [63] | Graph metrics | Vehicle rerouting capacity | — | No |
| [64] | The bond percolation model and Bollobas model | Vehicle density and transmission range | — | No |
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