Molecular Mechanisms of Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer

<table>Relevant mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer: (a) Impaired trastuzumab binding to HER2: truncated HER2 and epitope masking. (b) Upregulation of HER2 downstream signaling pathways: PTEN loss, increased PI3K/Akt activity and PDK1 changes. (c) Alternative signaling pathways: Increased signaling from HER family and other receptors. (d) Impaired immune-mediated mechanisms.</table>

International Journal of Breast Cancer

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Molecular Mechanisms of Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer 