International Journal of Breast Cancer

Copyright © 2011 J. L. Schwartz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. American Cancer Society, “Cancer statistics: breast cancer,” 2010, http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@nho/documents/document/f861009final90809pdf.pdf.
2. L. Orlando, P. Schiavone, P. Fedele et al., “Molecularly targeted endocrine therapies for breast cancer,” Cancer Treatment Reviews, vol. 36, supplement 3, pp. S67–S71, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, “Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of randomized trials,” Lancet, vol. 352, pp. 930–942, 1998. View at Google Scholar
4. U. Fischer and K. Schulze-Osthoff, “New approaches and therapeutics targeting apoptosis in disease,” Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 187–215, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
5. J. R. Gralow, “Optimizing the treatment of metastatic breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 89, pp. S9–S15, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
6. R. Clarke, M. C. Liu, K. B. Bouker et al., “Antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer and the role of estrogen receptor signaling,” Oncogene, vol. 22, no. 47, pp. 7316–7339, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
7. J. H. Ward, “Duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy of breast cancer: how much is enough?” Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 51–55, 2010. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
8. R. Clarke, F. Leonessa, J. N. Welch, and T. C. Skaar, “Cellular and molecular pharmacology of antiestrogen action and resistance,” Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 25–71, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. C. K. Osborne, “Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 339, no. 22, pp. 1609–1618, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
10. J. Cuzick, I. Sestak, M. Baum et al., “Effect of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: 10-year analysis of the ATAC trial,” Lancet Oncology, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1135–1141, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. A. Howell, “Fulvestrant (‘Faslodex’): current and future role in breast cancer management,” Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 265–273, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
12. C. K. Osborne, J. Pippen, S. E. Jones et al., “Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: results of a North American trial,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 20, no. 16, pp. 3386–3395, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. A. Thompson, K. Brennan, A. Cox et al., “Evaluation of the current knowledge limitations in breast cancer research,” Breast Cancer Research, vol. 10, no. 2, p. R26, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
14. A. Howell, J. F. Robertson, A. J. Quaresma et al., “Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182,780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 20, no. 16, pp. 3396–3403, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
15. H. Zhao, Y. H. Lo, L. Yu, and S. C. Wang, “Overcoming resistance to fulvestrant (ICI182,780) by downregulating the c-ABL proto-oncogene in breast cancer,” Molecular Carcinogenesis, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 383–389, 2010. View at Google Scholar
16. Z. Gu, R. Y. Lee, T. Skaar et al., “Association of interferon regulatory factor-1, nucleophosmin, nuclear factor-κB, and cyclic AMP response element binding with acquired resistance to Faslodex (ICI 182,780),” Cancer Research, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 3428–3437, 2002. View at Google Scholar
17. N. Tanaka, M. Ishihara, M. S. Lamphier et al., “Cooperation of the tumour suppressors IRF-1 and p53 in response to DNA damage,” Nature, vol. 382, no. 29, pp. 816–818, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
18. Weizmann Institute of Science, GeneCards Human Gene Database: IRF1 gene, 2011, http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=IRF1.
19. T. Tamura, H. Yanai, D. Savitsky, and T. Taniguchi, “The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis,” Annual Review of Immunology, vol. 26, pp. 535–584, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
20. T. Taniguchi, K. Ogasawara, A. Takaoka, and N. Tanaka, “IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense,” Annual Review of Immunology, vol. 9, pp. 623–655, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
21. J. E. Darnell Jr., I. M. Kerr, and G. R. Stark, “Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins,” Science, vol. 264, no. 5164, pp. 1415–1421, 1994. View at Google Scholar
22. A. Moller, E. Pion, V. Narayan, and K. L. Ball, “Intracellular activation of interferon regulatory factor-1 by nanobodies to the multifunctional (Mf1) domain,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 285, no. 49, pp. 38348–38361, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
23. K. B. Bouker, T. C. Skaar, D. S. Harburger et al., “The A4396G polymorphism in interferon regulatory factor 1 is frequently expressed in breast cancer cell lines,” Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 61–64, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
24. H. Harada, T. Fujita, M. Miyamoto et al., “Structurally similar but functionally distinct factors, IRF-1 and IRF-2, bind to the same regulatory elements of IFN and IFN-inducible genes,” Cell, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 729–739, 1989. View at Google Scholar
25. H. Harada, K. Willison, J. Sakakibara, M. Miyamoto, T. Fujita, and T. Taniguchi, “Absence of the type I IFN system in EC cells: transcriptional activator (IRF-1) and repressor (IRF-2) genes are developmentally regulated,” Cell, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 303–312, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
26. N. Watanabe, J. Sakakibara, A. Hovanessian, T. Taniguchi, and T. Fujita, “Activation of IFN-promoter element by IRF-1 requires a post-translational event in addition to IRF-1 synthesis,” Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 16, pp. 4421–4428, 1991. View at Google Scholar
27. H. Harada, E. Takahashi, S. Itoh, K. Harada, T. A. Hori, and T. Taniguchi, “Structure and regulation of the human interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF- 1) and IRF-2 genes: implications for a gene network in the interferon system,” Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1500–1509, 1994. View at Google Scholar
28. M. A. Meraz, J. M. White, K. C. Sheehan et al., “Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway,” Cell, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 431–442, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
29. E. Pion, V. Narayan, M. Eckert, and K. L. Ball, “Role of the IRF-1 enhancer domain in signalling polyubiquitination and degradation,” Cellular Signalling, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1479–1487, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
30. K. Nakagawa and H. Yokosawa, “Degradation of transcription factor IRF-1 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,” European Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 267, no. 6, pp. 1680–1686, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
31. V. Narayan, E. Pion, V. Landre, P. Muller, and K. L. Ball, “Docking-dependent ubiquitination of the interferon regulatory factor-1 tumor suppressor protein by the ubiquitin ligase CHIP,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 286, no. 1, pp. 607–619, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
32. R. Lin and J. Hiscott, “A role for casein kinase II phosphorylation in the regulation of IRF-1 transcriptional activity,” Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 191, no. 1-2, pp. 169–180, 1999. View at Google Scholar
33. V. Narayan, M. Eckert, A. Zylicz, M. Zylicz, and K. L. Ball, “Cooperative regulation of the interferon regulatory factor-1 tumor suppressor protein by core components of the molecular chaperone machinery,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 284, no. 38, pp. 25889–25899, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
34. J. Gsponer, M. E. Futschik, S. A. Teichmann, and M. M. Babu, “Tight regulation of unstructured proteins: from transcript synthesis to protein degradation,” Science, vol. 322, no. 5906, pp. 1365–1368, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
35. V. Narayan, P. Halada, L. Hernychova et al., “A multi-protein binding interface in an intrinsically disordered region of the tumour suppressor protein interferon regulatory factor-1,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 286, no. 16, pp. 14291–14303, 2011. View at Google Scholar
36. A. Takaoka, T. Tamura, and T. Taniguchi, “Interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors and regulation of oncogenesis,” Cancer Science, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 467–478, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
37. S. Namiki, T. Nakamura, S. Oshima et al., “IRF-1 mediates upregulation of LMP7 by IFN-gamma and concerted expression of immunosubunits of the proteasome,” FEBS Letters, vol. 579, no. 13, pp. 2781–2787, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
38. S. H. Lee, J. W. Kim, S. H. Oh et al., “IFN-gamma/IRF-1-induced p27kip1 down-regulates telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in human cervical cancer,” FEBS Letters, vol. 579, no. 5, pp. 1027–1033, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
39. S. H. Lee, J. W. Kim, H. W. Lee et al., “Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a mediator for interferon-gamma induced attenuation of telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression,” Oncogene, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 381–391, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
40. T. Tamura, M. Ishihara, M. S. Lamphier et al., “An IRF-1-dependent pathway of DNA damage-induced apoptosis in mitogen-activated T lymphocytes,” Nature, vol. 376, no. 6541, pp. 596–599, 1995. View at Google Scholar
41. S. Prost, C. O. C. Bellamy, D. S. Cunningham, and D. J. Harrison, “Altered DNA repair and dysregulation of p53 in IRF-1 null hepatocytes,” FASEB Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 181–188, 1998. View at Google Scholar
42. N. Tanaka, M. Ishihara, M. Kitagawa et al., “Cellular commitment to oncogene-induced transformation or apoptosis is dependent on the transcription factor IRF-1,” Cell, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 829–839, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
43. A. Moro, A. Santos, M. J. Arana, and S. E. Perea, “Activation of the humanp27(Kip1) promoter by IFNalpha 2b,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 269, pp. 31–34, 2000. View at Google Scholar
44. K. B. Bouker, T. C. Skaar, R. Riggins et al., “Interferonregulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) exhibitstumorsuppressoractivities in breast cancer associatedwith caspase activation and induction of apoptosis,” Carcinogenesis, vol. 26, pp. 1527–1535, 2005. View at Google Scholar
45. J. Sanceau, J. Hiscott, O. Delattre, and J. Wietzerbin, “IFN-betainduces serine phosphorylation of Stat-1 in Ewing's sarcoma cells and mediates apoptosis via induction of IRF-1 and activation of caspase-7,” Oncogene, vol. 19, no. 30, pp. 3372–3383, 2000. View at Google Scholar
46. K. Suk, I. Chang, S. Kim, J. Y. Kim, H. Kim, and M. S. Lee, “Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and tumornecrosis factor alpha synergism in ME-180 cervical cancer cellapoptosis and necrosis. IFNgammainhibitscytoprotectiveNF-kappa B through STAT1/IRF-1 pathways,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 276, pp. 13153–13159, 2001. View at Google Scholar
47. W. A. Chow, J. J. Fang, and J. K. Yee, “The IFN regulatory factor family participates in regulation of Fas ligand gene expression in T cells,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 164, no. 7, pp. 3512–3518, 2000. View at Google Scholar
48. J. S. Kovach, A. Hartmann, H. Blaszyk, J. Cunningham, D. Schaid, and S. S. Sommer, “Mutation détection by highly sensitive methods indicates that p53 gene mutations in breast cancer can have important prognostic value,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 93, pp. 1093–1096, 1996. View at Google Scholar
49. J. H. Yim, S. H. Ro, J. K. Lowney, S. J. Wu, J. Connett, and G. M. Doherty, “The role of interferon regulatory factor-1 and interferon regulatory factor-2 in IFN-γ growth inhibition of human breast carcinoma cell lines,” Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 501–511, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
50. G. Romeo, G. Fiorucci, M. V. Chiantore, Z. A. Percario, S. Vannucchi, and E. Affabris, “IRF-1 as a negative regulator of cell proliferation,” Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 39–47, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
51. N. Tanaka, M. Ishihara, M. Kitagawa et al., “Cellular commitment to oncogene-induced transformation or apoptosis is dependent on the transcription factor IRF-1,” Cell, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 829–839, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
52. C. L. Willman, C. E. Sever, M. G. Pallavicini et al., “Deletion of IRF-1, mapping to chromosome 5q31.1, in human leukemia and preleukemicmyelodysplasia,” Science, vol. 259, no. 5097, pp. 968–971, 1993. View at Google Scholar
53. S. Ogasawara, G. Tamura, C. Maesawa et al., “Common deleted region on the long arm of chromosome 5 in esophageal carcinoma,” Gastroenterology, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 52–57, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
54. H. Nozawa, E. Oda, S. Ueda et al., “Functionally inactivating point mutation in the tumor-suppressor IRF-1 gene identified in human gastric cancer,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 522–527, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
55. M. Tirkkonen, M. Tanner, R. Karhu, A. Kallioniemi, J. Isola, and O. P. Kallioniemi, “Molecular cytogenetics of primary breast cancer by CGH,” Genes Chromosomes and Cancer, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 177–184, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
56. G. M. Doherty, L. Boucher, K. Sorenson, and J. Lowney, “Interferon regulatory factor expression in human breast cancer,” Annals of Surgery, vol. 233, no. 5, pp. 623–629, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
57. H. K. Johannsdottir, G. Jonsson, G. Johannesdottir et al., “Chromosome 5 imbalance mapping in breast tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and sporadic breast tumors,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 119, no. 5, pp. 1052–1060, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
58. M. Tirkkonen, O. Johannsson, B. A. Agnarsson et al., “Distinct somatic genetic changes associated with tumor progression in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutations,” Cancer Research, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1222–1227, 1997. View at Google Scholar
59. L. R. Cavalli, R. B. Riggins, A. Wang, R. Clarke, and B. A. Haddad, “Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the interferon regulatory factor-1 gene locus in breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 227–231, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
60. Y. Zhu, B. Singh, S. Hewitt et al., “Expression patterns among interferon regulatory factor-1, human X-box binding protein-1, nuclear factor kappa B, nucleophosmin, estrogen receptor-alpha and progesterone receptor proteins in breast cancer tissue microarrays,” International Journal of Oncology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 67–76, 2006. View at Google Scholar
61. Y. Hoshiya, V. Gupta, H. Kawakubo et al., “Mullerian inhibiting substance promotes interferon gamma-induced gene expression and apoptosis in breast cancer cells,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 278, no. 51, pp. 51703–51712, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
62. Y. Ning, R. B. Riggins, J. Mulla, H. Chung, A. Zwart, and R. Clarke, “Interferon gamma restores breast cancer sensitivity to fulvestrant by regulating STAT1, IRF-1, NFκB, BCL2 familymembers, and signaling to caspase-dependentapoptosis,” Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1274–1285, 2010. View at Google Scholar
63. K. B. Bouker, T. C. Skaar, D. R. Fernandez, K. A. O'Brien, and R. Clarke, “Interferon regulatory factor-1 mediates the proapoptotic but not cell cycle arrest effects of the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (Faslodex, Fulvestrant),” Cancer Research, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 4030–4039, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
64. M. L. Bowie, E. C. Dietze, J. Delrow et al., “Interferon-regulatory factor-1 is critical for tamoxifen-mediated apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells,” Oncogene, vol. 23, no. 54, pp. 8743–8755, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
65. X. Rao, G. Di Leva, M. Li et al., “MicroRNA-221/222 confers breast cancer fulvestrant resistance by regulating multiple signaling pathways,” Oncogene, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1–16, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
66. H. Aguilar, X. Sole, N. Bonifaci et al., “Biological reprogramming in acquired resistance to endocrine therapy of breast cancer,” Oncogene, vol. 29, pp. 6071–6083, 2010. View at Google Scholar
67. R. B. Riggins, A. Zwart, R. Nehra, and R. Clarke, “The NFκB inhibitor parthenolide restores ICI 182,780 (Faslodex; Fulvestrant)- induced apoptosis in antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells,” Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2005. View at Google Scholar
68. J. L. Wang, D. Liu, Z. J. Zhang et al., “Structure-based discovery of an organic compound that binds Bcl-2 protein and induces apoptosis of tumor cells,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 97, no. 13, pp. 7124–7129, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
69. Y. R. Rubinstein, K. N. Proctor, M. Bergel, B. Murphy, and A. C. Johnson, “Interferon regulatory factor-1 is a major regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression,” FEBS Letters, vol. 431, no. 2, pp. 268–272, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
70. S. Kirchhoff and H. Hauser, “Cooperative activity between HER oncogenes and the tumor suppressor IRF-1 results in apoptosis,” Oncogene, vol. 18, no. 25, pp. 3725–3736, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
71. F. M. Foster, T. W. Owens, J. Tanianis-Hughes et al., “Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in combination with ErbB antagonists in breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Research, vol. 11, no. 3, p. R41, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
72. S. Contente, F. A. Attard, T. A. Yeh, D. L. Buchhagen, and R. M. Friedman, “Deregulated Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 in Oncogene-Transformed Mouse Fibroblasts,” Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 639–647, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
73. N. Parajuli and W. Doppler, “Precision-cut slice cultures of tumors from MMTV-neu mice for the study of the ex vivo response to cytokines and cytotoxic drugs,” In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 442–450, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
74. J. Shou, S. Massarweh, C. K. Osborne et al., “Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance: increased estrogen receptor-HER2/neu cross-talk in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 96, no. 12, pp. 926–935, 2004. View at Google Scholar
75. B. Dhesy-Thind, K. I. Pritchard, H. Messersmith, F. O'Malley, L. Elavathil, and M. Trudeau, “HER2/neu in systemic therapy for women with breast cancer: a systematic review,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 209–229, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
76. S. Pattingre and B. Levine, “Bcl-2 inhibition of autophagy: a new route to cancer?” Cancer Research, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 2885–2888, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
77. R. B. Riggins, A. H. Bouton, M. C. Liu, and R. Clarke, “Antiestrogens, Aromatase Inhibitors, and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer,” Vitamins and Hormones, vol. 71, pp. 201–237, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
78. P. K. M. Kim, M. Armstrong, Y. Liu et al., “IRF-1 expression inducesapoptosis and inhibitstumorgrowth in mouse mammary cancer cells in vitro and in vivo,” Oncogene, vol. 23, pp. 1125–1135, 2004. View at Google Scholar
79. M. T. Stang, M. J. Armstrong, G. A. Watson et al., “Interferon regulatory factor-1-induced apoptosis mediated by a ligand-independent fas-associated death domain pathway in breast cancer cells,” Oncogene, vol. 26, no. 44, pp. 6420–6430, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
80. M. B. Buck and C. Knabbe, “TGF-beta signaling in breast cancer,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1089, pp. 119–126, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
81. R. J. Youle and A. Strasser, “The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death,” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47–59, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
82. E. Pizzoferrato, Y. Liu, A. Gambotto et al., “Ectopic expression of interferonregulatory factor-1 promoteshumanbreast cancer celldeath and results in reduced expression of survivin,” Cancer Research, vol. 64, pp. 8381–8388, 2004. View at Google Scholar
83. A. S. Baldwin, “Control of oncogenesis and cancer therapy resistance by the transcription factor NF-κB,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 241–246, 2001. View at Google Scholar
84. R. Pine, “Convergence of TNFalpha and IFNgammasignalingpathwaysthroughsynergistic induction of IRF-1/ISGF-2 ismediated by a composite GAS/kappaBpromoterelement,” Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 25, no. 21, pp. 4346–4354, 1997. View at Google Scholar
85. R. Nehra, R. B. Riggins, A. N. Shajahan, A. Zwart, A. C. Crawford, and R. Clarke, “BCL2 and CASP8 regulation by NF-κB differentially affect mitochondrial function and cell fate in antiestrogen-sensitive and -resistant breast cancer cells,” FASEB Journal, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2040–2055, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
86. E. Pozo-Guisado, J. M. Merino, S. Mulero-Navarro et al., “Resveratrol-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells involves a caspase-independent mechanism with downregulation of Bcl-2 and NF-κB,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 74–84, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
87. P. D. Drew, G. Franzoso, K. G. Becker et al., “NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 1 physically interact and synergistically induce major histocompatibility class I gene expression,” Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1037–1045, 1995. View at Google Scholar
88. T. Kondo, N. Minamino, T. Nagamura-Inoue, M. Matsumoto, T. Taniguchi, and N. Tanaka, “Identification and characterization of nucleophosmin/B23/numatrin which binds the anti-oncogenic transcription factor IRF-1 and manifests oncogenic activity,” Oncogene, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1275–1281, 1997. View at Google Scholar
89. P. J. Klover, W. J. Muller, G. W. Robinson, R. M. Pfeiffer, D. Yamaji, and L. Hennighausen, “Loss of STAT1 from mouse mammary epithelium results in an increased neu-induced tumor burden,” Neoplasia, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 899–905, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
90. H. Nguyen, R. Lin, and J. Hiscott, “Activation of multiple growth regulatory genes following inducible expression of IRF-1 or IRF/RelA fusion proteins,” Oncogene, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1425–1435, 1997. View at Google Scholar
91. D. H. Kaplan, V. Shankaran, A. S. Dighe et al., “Demonstration of an interferon gamma-dependent tumor surveillance system in immunocompetent mice,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 95, no. 13, pp. 7556–7561, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
92. H. W. Van den berg, W. J. Leahey, M. Lynch, R. Clarke, and J. Nelson, “Recombinant human interferon alpha increases oestrogen receptor expression in human breast cancer cells (ZR-75-1) and sensitizes them to the anti-proliferative effects of tamoxifen,” British Journal of Cancer, vol. 55, pp. 255–257, 1987. View at Google Scholar
93. A. Carpi, A. Nicolini, A. Antonelli, P. Ferrari, and G. Rossi, “Cytokines in the management of high risk or advanced breast cancer: an update and expectation,” Current Cancer Drug Targets, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 888–903, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
94. A. Nicolini, A. Carpi, and G. Rossi, “Cytokines in breast cancer,” Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 325–337, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
95. M. Upreti, N. A. Koonce, L. Hennings, T. C. Chambers, and R. J. Griffin, “Pegylated IFN-α sensitizes melanoma cells to chemotherapy and causes premature senescence in endothelial cells by IRF-1 mediated signaling,” Cell Death & Disease, vol. 1, no. 8, p. e67, 2010. View at Google Scholar
96. R. Dummer, C. Garbe, J. A. Thompson et al., “Randomized dose-escalation study evaluating peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1188–1194, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
97. M. J. Son, H. S. Song, M. H. Kim et al., “Synergistic effect and condition of pegylated interferon alpha with paclitaxel on glioblastoma,” International Journal of Oncology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1385–1392, 2006. View at Google Scholar
98. B. Escudie, A. Pluzanska, P. Koralewski et al., “AVOREN trial investigators. Bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomised, double-blind phase III trial,” Lancet, vol. 370, pp. 2103–21011, 2007. View at Google Scholar