Phase Segmentation Methods for an Automatic Surgical Workflow Analysis

Figure 5

Example outputs of all steps in the GridBlock method.

(a) Grid of vertical and horizontal (red) lines

(b) Extracted OFs at all points in each grid block, shown as yellow lines

(c) Noise removed from the OFs, shown as yellow lines

(d) Averaged OFs of grid blocks, shown as yellow lines

(e) Quantized-averaged OFs, shown as yellow lines