Plasma Treatment Maintains Surface Energy of the Implant Surface and Enhances Osseointegration

Table 1

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for both NWRBM, immediately treated plasma (Plasma), and Plasma 30 days surfaces (mean ± SD).

Chemical element (%)	NWRBM	Plasma	Plasma 30 days
Al2p	1.04 (0.2)	3.94 (1.2)	2.8 (1.5)
C1s	32.91 (2.1)	15.25 (1.6)	24.6 (3.3)
Ca2p	9.84 (1.1)	12.2 (2.1)	10.4 (2.4)
o1s	41.27 (3.2)	50.3 (3.7)	46.8 (5.2)
P2p	8.28 (0.8)	9.3 (1.6)	8.4 (2.7)
Ti2p	3.01 (0.4)	5.2 (1.4)	4.6 (2.3)
V2p3	0.16 (0.2)	0.9 (0.5)	0.7 (0.5)