Research Article
Bone Response to Surface-Modified Titanium Implants: Studies on the Early Tissue Response to Implants with Different Surface Characteristics
Table 1
Results from AES investigation of screw shaped Ti implant surface layers.
| Preparation | Chemical composition at % (s.d.) | Thickness (nm) | Microstructure |
| Machined, reference -sterilized | Ti: 18 (0.5); O: 59 (1.5); C: 13 (0.8); Ca: 8 (0.7); S: 0.7 (0.2); Si: 1.3 (0.3); Cl: 0.1 (0.1) | ≈3 nm TiO2 | Plastically deformed, amorphous metal surface. Non-crystalline oxide (TiO2) | Glow discharge cleaned and thermally oxidized, -sterilized | Ti: 23 (0.8), O: 66 (2); C: 10 (2.7); S: 0.1 (0.1); Si: 0.7 (0.7) | ≈2 nm TiO2 | Polycrystalline metal surface. Non-crystalline oxide (TiO2) | Glow discharge cleaned and nitrided -sterilized | Ti: 20 (0.4), N: 59 (1.1); O: 12 (0.8); C: 8 (1.1); Si: 0.6 (0.7); | ≈3 nm TiN | Polycrystalline metal surface. Non-crystalline nitride (TiN) | H2O2 incubated 10 mM, 40 h, 8°C | Ti: 17 (3.4), O: 56 (3.2); C: 20 (2.7); Ca: 1.3 (0.3); S: 0.5 (0.2); Si: 0.2 (0.6); Cl: 0.1 (0.1); P: 0.2 (0.3); B: 0.2 (0.5); Na: 2.4 (2.3); K: 0.4 (1.1) | ≈3–7 nm TiO2 | Plastically deformed, amorphous metal surface. Noncrystalline oxide (TiO2) |
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