|
| Compound material | Studied areas | Results |
|
| HA | Probing the effect of HA volume fraction on bioactivity via in vivo study. | Enhancement of the presence of fibroblast cells, formation of osteoid and osteocytes within lamellar bone [15]. |
| Probing the effect of HA volume fraction on bioactivity via SBF immersion test. | Higher rate of HA growth for the composite with higher volume fraction of HA [14]. |
| In vitro study of the new method of simple cubic molding and sintering. | Confirmed improvement of bioactivity of the composite [79]. |
| Biocompatibility and bioactivity study of the produced composite via in situ synthetic method. | Produced composite showed nontoxic and the bioactive properties [81–83]. |
| In vitro bioactivity study of HA/PEEK composite produced by selective laser sintering method. | Improvement in bioactivity of the composite and higher content of HA exhibited higher bioactivity rate [88]. |
|
| nHA | Probing the effect of nHA volume fraction on bioactivity via in vitro study by SBF immersion, cell adhesion, and proliferation. | Nanocomposite with 29.2 vol% of nHA content showed the best bioactivity in comparison with other samples [80]. |
|
| βTCP | In vitro bioactivity study via osteoblast cells. | Lower rates of osteoblast growth on the βTCP-PEEK compared to pure PEEK [84]. |
| Biocompatibility study of laser sintering method for producing βTCP/PEEK via in vitro study by osteoblast cells. | Confirmed nontoxicity of laser sintering method for producing βTCP/PEEK composite but showed no advantage of adding βTCP as an additive on cell growth [85, 86]. |
| In vivo bioactivity study of the laser sintered PEEK/βTCP composite. | Better interaction with surrounding bone and direct connection to the surrounding bone [87]. |
|
| Carbon black | Biocompatibility study of laser sintering method for producing carbon black/PEEK composite via in vitro study by osteoblast cells. | Confirmed nontoxicity of laser sintering method for producing carbon black/PEEK composite but showed no advantage of adding carbon black as an additive on cell growth [85]. |
|
| Carbon, carbon/βTCP, and carbon/bioglass 4s5S5 | Biocompatibility and bioactivity study of produced composites via laser sintering method. | Produced composite via laser sintering method was nontoxic. PEEK/carbon/bioglass composite showed improvement in the bioactivity property [86]. |
|
| Glass fiber | In vitro study via MG-63 cells. | Higher rate of cell proliferation [89, 90]. |
|
| Nano-TiO2 | In vitro and in vivo study. | Increasing in cell attachment and enhanced osteoblast cell spreading. Enhancement of the bone regeneration around the nano-TiO2/PEEK composite [20]. |
|
| Sr-HA | In vitro study contains apatite formation in SBF and MG-63-mediated mineralization. | Enhancement of bioactivity [16]. |
|
| CS | Probing the effect of CS volume fraction on bioactivity via in vitro bioactivity study by SBF immersion. | By increasing the volume fraction of CS the bioactivity of the composite increased [91]. |
|
