Preparation Methods for Improving PEEK’s Bioactivity for Orthopedic and Dental Application: A Review

Table 5

Effect of the compound materials on the mechanical properties of the PEEK composites.

Compound material	Studied mechanical properties	Results
HA	E, microhardness, ultimate tensile strength/strain	Young’s modulus and microhardness of composite increased, ultimate tensile strength and strain at the fracture point decreased [76].
	Fatigue-resistant	Showing enough fatigue-resistant property for biomedical applications [92].
	Ultimate tensile strength	Prepared composite via in situ process showed strong physical bonding between HA and PEEK matrix and enhanced ultimate tensile strength [81–83].
HAnp	Ultimate tensile strength	Initial increase of tensile strength by increasing HAnp content to 5 vol% and after that decreasing the tensile strength [77, 78].
Whiskers HA	E, isotropy property, ultimate tensile strength/strain	Anisotropy mechanical properties, increasing of E and decreasing in the ultimate tensile strength/strain by increasing of the volume fraction of HA whisker reinforcement [18].
	Fatigue life	Decreasing of the fatigue life with increase in the volume fraction of the HA whiskers in PEKK [93].
	E, ultimate strength and strain	Elastic modulus increased, while the ultimate tensile strength and strain decreased with increasing volume fraction of HA.; Elastic modulus, yield strength, and yield strain were increased by increasing the mold temperature [94].
Sr-HA	E, bending strength	The bending modulus, elastic modulus increased with the volume fraction ratio of Sr-HA. The elastic modulus of 25 vol% and 30 vol% Sr-HA reinforcement showed 113% and 136% increase, respectively, in comparison with pure PEEK. The bending strengths of 25 vol% and 30 vol% Sr-HA reinforcement showed 25% and 29% decrease, respectively, in comparison with pure PEEK [16].