Metabolic Engineered Biocatalyst: A Solution for PLA Based Problems

Table 1

Microorganism along with their yield of production of lactic acid by fermentation.

Sr. No.	Microorganism producing lactic acid	Substrate involved	Genetic modification	Yield of lactic acid
1	T. aotearoense SCUT27[5]	Lignocellulosic biomass[5]	Engineered to block the acetic acid formation pathway[5]	0.93 g/g glucose with an optical purity of 99.3%[5]
2	Lactobacillus amylovorus ATCC 33622[6]	Liquefied corn starch[6]	Nil	20 g l^−1 h^−1[6]
3	L. helveticus [6]	Whey[6]	Nil	35 g l^−1 h^−1[6]
4	Enterococcus faecalis CBRD01[7]	Glucose[7]	Nil	5 g l−1 h−1[7]
5	L. delbrueckii NCIM 2025[8]	Cane molasses concentration of 150 g/L (equivalent to 78 g total sugar). [8]	adh-ve mutant by UV radiation[8]	78±1.2 (g/g) [8]
6	L. plantarum LMISM6 [9]	Molasses 193.50 g L-1[9]	NIL	94.8 g L-1[9]
7	Thermophilic Bacillus sp. XZL4[10]	Corn stover hydrolyzate 162.5 g L-1[10]	NIL	1.86 g L-1 h-1[10]
8	Lactococcus lactis[11]	Glucose 60 gl-1 [11]	Nil	35 gl-1[11]
9	Escherichia coliBAD-ldh[12]	1g l-1 of fructose[12]	Overexpression of L-ldh gene derivative[12]	0.62 g l-1[12]
10	Escherichia coli[13]	56 g/L of crude glycerol[13]	Overexpression of GlpK/GlpD gene[13]	50 g/L of L-lactic acid[13]