Potentials of Biochars Derived from Bamboo Leaf Biomass as Energy Sources: Effect of Temperature and Time of Heating

Table 5

Carbon composition from different references determined by ultimate analysis for comparison and bamboo leaves in the present study (PS) as a function of temperature and time of heating measured by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

Raw materials	C (%)	Ref.
Coconut shell	50.22	Channiwala, 1992 [31]
Rice husk	34.60	Lanh et al., 2016 [32]
Mango wood	46.24	Channiwala, 1992 [31]
Corn stover	46.50	Gregory et al., 1982 [33]
Coconut fiber	46.43	Grover et al., 2002 [34]
Paddy straw	35.97	Grover et al., 2002 [34]
Bamboo leaves	PS (present study)
250°C, 30 minutes	31.38	PS
300°C, 30 minutes	41.50	PS
350°C, 30 minutes	30.31	PS