Soft Palate Modification Using a Collagen Crosslinking Reagent for Equine Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate and Other Upper Airway Breathing Disorders

Table 1

Mean differences between genipin-treated specimens (50 mM) compared to buffer-only treatment for each of elastic-plastic and viscoelastic parameters.

Parameter	Distal samples only	All samples
Cross-sectional area	11.95% decrease	20.49% decrease
Ultimate tensile stress	51.67% increase	31.20% increase
Ultimate tensile strain	32.89% decrease	30.88% decrease
Yield strain	34.57% decrease	30.65% decrease
Yield stress	53.04% increase	42.69% increase
Young’s modulus	63% increase	56.02% increase
Resilience	6.43% decrease	27.51% decrease
Toe region modulus	118.34% increase	118.33% increase
Toughness	11.99% increase	9.71% increase
1st cycle hysteresis	10.31% increase	23.41% increase
Change in hysteresis	1.08% decrease	14.88% increase
Hysteresis ratio	30.20% increase	23.24% increase
Stress relaxation	4.09% increase	9.19% increase

Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).