Response to: Comment on “The Use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields to Promote Bone Responses to Biomaterials In Vitro and In Vivo”

Table 2

Typical values for the magnetic fields generated by some commonly used electrical appliances.

Electrical appliances	Distance: 3 cm (μT)	Distance: 30 cm (μT)	Distance: 1 m (μT)
Hairdryers	6–2000	0.01–7	0.01–0.03
Electric razors	15–1500	0.08–9	0.01–0.03
Vacuum cleaners	200–800	2–20	0.13–2
Fluorescent lamps	40–400	0.5–2	0.02–0.25
Microwave ovens	73–200	4–8	0.25–0.6
Radios	16–56	1	<0.01
Electric ovens	1–50	0.15–0.5	0.01–0.04
Washing machines	0.8–50	0.15–3	0.01–0.15
Irons	8–30	0.12–0.3	0.01–0.03
Dishwasher	3.5–20	0.6–3	0.07–0.3
Computers	0.5–30	<0.01	—
Refrigerators	0.5–1.7	0.01–0.25	<0.01
Color TV	2.5–50	0.04–2	0.01–0.15

The intensity of the field does not depend on the size, complexity, power, or noise of the device. Moreover, magnetic field strength can vary greatly even between apparently similar devices. For example, some hairdryers may be surrounded by a very intense field, while others generate an almost negligible magnetic field, depending on the design of the apparatus. The measurements were carried out in Germany (from: Federal Office for Radiation Security, Germany 1999), and all the appliances operate on electricity with a frequency of 50 Hz. It should be noted that the actual levels of exposure vary considerably depending on the model of the appliance and the distance from it.