Preclinical Testing of New Hydrogel Materials for Cartilage Repair: Overcoming Fixation Issues in a Large Animal Model

Figure 3

Insufficient construct retention in condylar and trochlea chondral defects with and without PCL-reinforcement. Collagen type II staining of exemplary depiction of one defect per group after 28 days. Both defects without PCL (left) showed a residual layer of cartilage (arrow). Fibrous tissue formed in one of the defects (big arrow). Fibrous tissue was retained in between PCL strands. Retained PCL-construct (arrowhead). Scale bar: 500 μm.