Autocharging Techniques for Implantable Medical Applications

Table 1

Highest power outputs given in reviewed works.

Energy harvesting technology	Power (W), power density (W/m^2), voltage (V)	Reference
Piezoelectric-based energy harvesting	0.18 μW/cm^2	[13]
	0.1 mJ	[15]
	5 V	[16]
Triboelectric nanogenerator-based energy harvesting	2 V	[22]
	2.93 W	[23]
	416 μW/cm^2	[26]
Biochemical energy harvesting	1 mW	[29]
	402 mW/m^2	[30]
Environmental energy harvesting	5.95 mW	[35]
	80 mJ	[37]
	16.7 μA	[44]