Pangasius Fish Skin and Swim Bladder as Gelatin Sources for Hard Capsule Material

Table 2

Physicochemical properties of gelatin.

Properties	Gelatin
	Skin	Swim bladder	Mixture	Standard [21]
Yield (%)	19.09 ± 0.34	19.92 ± 0.53	23.51 ± 0.93	—
Moisture (%)	9.20 ± 0.020	7.61 ± 0.27	8.58 ± 0.19	Max 15
Ash (%)	1.10 ± 0.20	1.77 ± 0.81	1.10 ± 0.53	Max 5
Acidity (pH)	4.15 ± 0.01	5.16 ± 0.01	5.03 ± 0.03	3.8–5.5
Gel strength (bloom)	238.88 ± 1.43	272.85 ± 1.45	278.50 ± 4.89	50–300
Viscosity (mP)	65 ± 0.36	74.7 ± 0.06	71 ± 0.20	15–75