Pangasius Fish Skin and Swim Bladder as Gelatin Sources for Hard Capsule Material

Table 3

Physical properties of hard capsule shells from Pangasius skin and swim bladder gelatin.

Parameter	Hard capsule shells			Commercial capsule [9]
	Skin	Swim bladder	Mixture
Body length (mm)	19.22 ± 0.06^c	18.26 ± 0.01^b	18.04 ± 0.18^a	18.66 ± 0.30
Body diameter (mm)	7.21 ± 0.03^a	7.36 ± 0.03^b	7.32 ± 0.05^b	7.36 ± 0.02
Caps length (mm)	11.28 ± 0.02^b	10.79 ± 0.28^a	10.63 ± 0.12^a	10.98 ± 0.36^b
Caps diameter (mm)	7.52 ± 0.06^a	7.49 ± 0.02^a	7.70 ± 0.09^b	7.67 ± 0.04
Weight (mg)	104 ± 2.65^b	90.33 ± 4.16^a	112.67 ± 2.52^c	—
Acidity (pH)	4.40 ± 0.03^a	5.14 ± 0.04^b	5.13 ± 0.04^b	5.89 ± 0.049
Moisture (%)	13.04 ± 0.03^a	14.17 ± 0.06^c	13.19 ± 0.07^b	14.12 ± 0.262
Rupture times (min)	5.05 ± 0.05^b	4.05 ± 0.05^a	4.10 ± 0.02^a	7.39 ± 0.113

The values represent the mean and standard deviation. Significant differences at P<0.05 are indicated by different letters in a column (a, b, c).