Review Article

On the Genesis of Neuroblastoma and Glioma

Table 1

International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS).

1Localized tumour with complete gross excision, with or without microscopic residual disease; representative ipsilateral lymph nodes negative for tumour microscopically (nodes attached to and removed with primary tumour may be positive)

2ALocalized tumour with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumour microscopically

2BLocalized tumour with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumour; enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically

3Unresectable unilateral tumour infiltrating across the midline, with or without regional lymph node involvement; localized unilateral tumour with contralateral regional lymph node involvement; or midline tumour with bilateral extension by infiltration (unresectable) or by lymph node involvement

4Any primary tumour with dissemination to distant lymph nodes, bone marrow, bone, liver, skin, and/or other organs (except as defined for stage 4S)

4SLocalized primary tumour (as defined for stage 1, 2A, or 2B), with dissemination limited to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow (limited to infants less than 1 year of age)