International Journal of Corrosion

Research Article

Application of a New Method in Identifying the Sludge Deposits from Refineries and Gas Plants: A Case of Laboratory-Based Study

Table 1

Summary of sludge chemical compounds obtained from High Score Plus.
The identified compoundsNature
Barite-BaSO4Drilling mud
Quartz-SiO2 
Albite-NaAlSi3O8 
Microcline-KAlSi3O8 
Cristobalite-SiO2		Formation material, normally found in the sandstone or sand
Illite-K0.5(AlFeMg)3(SiAl)4O10(OH)2Clay minerals normally found with sandstone
Magnetite-Fe3O4 
Lepidocrocite-FeOOH
Goethite-FeOOH
Akaganeite-FeOOH		Corrosion product: at high temperature magnetite corrosion products it will coat the iron/steel to prevent oxygen to reach underlying metal. Mostly, at low temperature lepidocrocite formed and with time it transformed into most stable goethite. Akaganeite formed in marine environments
Basanite-CaSO4⋅2H2O
Anhydrite-CaSO4 
Gypsum-CaSO4⋅2H2O		Sulfate scale
Ettringite-Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12Cementing material
Aluminum Oxide-Al2O3Normally from catalyst
Gregite-Fe3S4 
Pyrite-FeS2 
Marcasite-FeS2 
Mackinawite-FeS0.9 
Pyrrhotite-Fe7S8		Corrosion products: pyrophoric iron sulfide (pyrrhotite-FeS) results from the corrosive action of sulfur or sulfur compounds (H2S) on the iron (steel) and moisture
Sulfur-S 
Sodium Iron Oxide-NaFeO2 
Calcite-CaCO3Carbonate scale
Aragonite-CaCO3
Siderite-FeCO3
Iron Chloride-FeCl3Chloride corrosion products
Iron Chloride Hydrate-FeCl2-4H2O