Review Article
Alternative Macroautophagic Pathways
Table 1
Types of alternative macroautophagic pathways.
| | Alternative macroautophagic pathways | Macroautopagic molecules involved | Macroautopagic molecules not involved | Induction | Cell type | Reference |
| | Beclin 1-independent | Atg5
Atg7
Ulk1/2
LC3 | Beclin 1
(Vps34) | Resveratrol | MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) | [50] | Staurosporine
Etoposide
MK801 | primary cortical neurons | [51] | | H2O2 | RAW 264.7 (macrophage cells) | [52] | | MPP+ | SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma cells) | [53] | | primary dopaminergic neurons | | | As2O3 | ovarian cells | [55] |
| | Atg5/Atg7-independent | Beclin 1
Vps34
Ulk1
Fip200 | Atg5
Atg7
Atg9
Atg12
Atg16
LC3 | Etoposide
Staurosporine
Starvation | Atg5-/- MEF
Atg7-/- MEF
wt MEF | [49] |
| | Degradation of peptidase-resistant peptides | LC3 (but not essential) | Atg5
WIPI-1
p62
Tsg101
Vps24 | Resistance against cytoplasmic peptidases | HeLa
Atg5-/- MEF
wt MEF | [43] |
|
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