Review Article
Oncogenic Alternative Splicing Switches: Role in Cancer Progression and Prospects for Therapy
Table 1
Examples of genes that encode cancer-associated alternative splicing variants.
| Gene | Splice variant | Cancer type | Function | Reference |
| ABCC1 | Various internal deletions | Ovarian cancer | Drug resistance | [127] | Mdm2 | Various internal deletions | Ovarian cancer | Loss of p53 binding | [127] | Fibronectin | Exclusion of EDB exon | Ovarian cancer | Tumor angiogenesis | [127] | MENA | Exclusion of exon 6 | Breast cancer | Increase invasiveness and drug resistance | [104] | MENA | Skipping of exon 11A | Breast cancer | Enhance EMT | [103, 106] | Ron | Skipping of exon 11 | Colon and gastric breast cancer | Increase motility and invasion | [64] | HDMX | Exclusion of exon 6 | Soft-tissue sarcoma | Increase tumor aggressiveness | [132] | p73 | Inclusion of exon 13 | Prostate cancer | Prostate hyperplasia and malignancy | [133] | CASP9 | Exclusion of a four-exon cassette | Non–small cell lung cancer | Susceptibility to chemotherapy | [134] | CASP8 | Retained intron | Breast cancer | Inhibition of caspase | [135] | APC | Skipping of exon 4 | Colon cancer | Cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) | [136] | BRCA1 | Skipping of exon 18 | Breast cancer | Breast cancer susceptibility | [137] | PTEN | Retained introns 3 and 5 | Breast cancer | Pathogenesis of sporadic breast cancers with p53 | [137] | p53 | Retained intron | Breast cancer | Tumorigenesis | [137] | KLF6 | Alternative 5′ ss | Prostate cancer | Tumor cell proliferation | [82] | NF1 | Inclusion of exon 23a | Neurofibromatosis type I | Inactive tumor suppressor | [138] | ASIP | Alternative 3′ ss | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Blocks Fas-mediated apoptosis | [139] | Bcl-X | Alternative 5′ ss | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Regulation of apoptosis | [140] | TACC1 | Exon inclusion | Gastric cancer | Altered centrosome functions | [141] | TERT | Alternative 3′ ss | Astrocytic gliomas | Rescue of telomerase activity | [142] | CDH17 | Exclusion of exon 13 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Incidence of tumor recurrence | [143] |
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