Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

<table>Stepwise progression towards lung cancer. Oxidants in cigarette smoking induce inflammation which subjects DNA to mutations. The failure to repair damaged DNA in critical coding regions causes cell proliferation and lung cancer.</table>

International Journal of Chronic Diseases

fig1

Figure 1

Figure 1: Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer 