COPD in a Population-Based Sample of Never-Smokers: Interactions among Sex, Gender, and Race

Table 2

Logistic regression of COPD by sex/gender and race in a sample of never-smoking Americans over the age of 50 ()¹.

	Model 1; OR (99% CI)	Model 2; Model 1 + height; OR (99% CI)	Model 3; Model 1 + SEP; OR (99% CI)	Model 4; Fully adjusted; OR (99% CI)
Sex/gender, and race
White men (Ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Black men	0.89; (0.70, 1.13)	0.88; (0.69, 1.11)	0.62; (0.49, 0.79)	0.62; (0.49, 0.79)
Black women	(2.22, 2.84)	(1.87, 2.49)	1.66; (1.46, 1.88)	1.55; (1.34, 1.80)
White women	(1.56, 1.86)	(1.29, 1.63)	1.49; (1.37, 1.63)	1.41; (1.25, 1.59)
Age by decade
50s (Ref.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
60s	1.55; (1.42, 1.70)	1.53; (1.40, 1.68)	1.37; (1.25, 1.50)	1.39; (1.27, 1.53)
70s	1.95; (1.77, 2.15)	1.91; (1.73, 2.10)	1.43; (1.29, 1.58)	1.45; (1.30, 1.62)
80s	2.11; (1.88, 2.36)	2.03; (1.81, 2.27)	1.40; (1.24, 1.57)	1.42; (1.25, 1.61)
90s	2.15; (1.66, 2.78)	2.03; (1.56, 2.63)	1.37; (1.05, 1.78)	1.38; (1.05, 1.81)
Height		0.97; (0.96, 0.99)	—	0.99; (0.99, 1.00)
Socioeconomic position
Education
Did not graduate high school	—	—	1.70; (1.49, 1.93)	1.67; (1.47, 1.91)
Graduated high school	—	—	1.19; (1.08, 1.34)	1.19; (1.07, 1.32)
Attended college or technical school	—	—	1.30; (1.17, 1.44)	1.29; (1.16, 1.44)
College or technical school graduate	—	—	1.00	1.00
Household income
$75,000 or more (Ref.)	—	—	1.00	1.00
$50,000 to less than $75,000	—	—	1.46; (1.25, 1.70)	1.48; (1.27, 1.72)
$25,000–$49,999	—	—	2.50; (2.20, 2.84)	2.53; (2.22, 2.88)
$15,000–$24,999	—	—	2.92; (2.54, 3.35)	2.97; (2.57, 3.43)
<$15,000	—	—	4.24; (3.64, 4.92)	4.34; (3.71, 5.08)
Missing	—	—	1.97; (1.71, 2.27)	1.99; (1.73, 2.30)
Controls
Marital status
Married at least once	—	—	—	1.00
Never married				1.01; (0.88, 1.16)
Number of adults/households
1	—	—	—	1.00
2	—	—	—	0.98; (0.89, 1.08)
≥3	—	—	—	1.21; (1.08, 1.36)
Missing	—	—	—	1.02; (0.90, 1.16)
Health plan
Yes (Ref.)	—	—	—	1.00
No	—	—	—	0.94; (0.81, 1.08)
Nagelkerke square value	0.026	0.027	0.057	0.057
−2 log likelihood	45940.0	45912.3	44716.7	44683.27

¹Sample sizes are presented in their unweighted form. Odds ratios, values, and confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for the probability of selection and nonresponse.
is statistically significant at .
OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SEP, socioeconomic position.
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012.