Hierarchical Modeling of Patient and Physician Determinants of Blood Pressure Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients with and without Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of Six Observational Valsartan Studies with 15,282 Evaluable Patients
Table 2
Patient characteristics by diabetes status.
Diabetic
Nondiabetic
Demographics
Age, y, (M ± SD)
n.s.
Male gender (%)
51.18
51.66
n.s.
Cardiovascular risk factors and history
Smoking (%)
22.03
25.64
n.s.
Claudication (%)
9.44
5.59
n.s.
Adherence (%)
71.29
73.26
n.s.
Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean (±SD)
n.s.
Fasting LDL, mg/dl, mean (±SD)
n.s.
Fasting HDL, mg/dl, mean (±SD)
n.s.
Microalbuminuria (%)
24.80
4.16
n.s.
Proteinuria (%)
11.95
2.00
<0.010
Renal impairment (creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl) (%)
6.92
2.70
n.s.
Diabetic nephropathy (%)
12.13
0.42
<0.003
Amputation (%)
0.66
0.14
n.s.
Angina (%)
20.05
13.12
n.s.
Transient ischemic attacks (%)
9.44
7.00
n.s.
Peripheral bypass/stent (%)
7.99
5.19
n.s.
Coronary revascularization (%)
12.53
7.68
n.s.
Cerebrovascular accident (ischemic) (%)
6.99
5.10
n.s.
Myocardial infarct (%)
11.27
7.62
n.s.
Left ventricular hypertrophy (%)
19.89
12.40
n.s.
Congestive heart failure (%)
6.70
3.73
n.s.
Cerebrovascular accident (hemorrhagic) (%)
1.15
0.76
n.s.
Antihypertensive treatment patterns
Valsartan 80 mg (%)
4.93
7.15
n.s.
Valsartan, 160 mg (%)
35.14
40.70
Valsartan 80/12.5 mg HCTZ (%)
5.77
6.78
Valsartan 160/12.5 mg HCTZ (%)
16.06
14.89
Valsartan 160/25 mg HCTZ (%)
11.90
8.20
Valsartan 80/5 mg amlodipine (%)
2.24
2.69
Valsartan 160/5 mg amlodipine (%)
15.96
15.38
Concomitant diuretic (%)
28.70
22.29
n.s.
Concomitant alpha-blocker (%)
4.76
2.06
n.s.
Concomitant beta-blocker (%)
37.07
32.79
n.s.
Concomitant calcium antagonist (%)
48.80
37.01
n.s.
Concomitant ACE inhibitor (%)
6.45
2.48
n.s.
M: mean; SD: standard deviation; n.s.: nonsignificant; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme.
