Hierarchical Modeling of Patient and Physician Determinants of Blood Pressure Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients with and without Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of Six Observational Valsartan Studies with 15,282 Evaluable Patients

Table 5

Logistic regression modeling of controlled 90-day BP by diabetes status (140/90 mmHg).

	Diabetic		Nondiabetic
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
SBP control at 90 days
Patient determinants
Age (per 1 year)			0.996 (0.992–0.999)	0.022
SBP at diagnosis of HT (per 1 mmHg)	0.986 (0.981–0.991)	<0.001	0.980 (0.977–0.983)	<0.001
Adherence			1.443 (1.301–1.601)	<0.001
Renal impairment			0.696 (0.507–0.954)	0.024
Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)	0.998 (0.981–1.000)	0.033	0.997 (0.996–0.999)	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease (MI & coronary)	1.300 (1.055–1.601)	0.014
Valsartan dose (0/80/160 mg)	0.754 (0.632–0.900)	0.002	0.814 (0.731–0.907)	<0.001
HCTZ dose (0/12.5/25 mg)	0.770 (0.646–0.918)	0.004	0.672 (0.601–0.751)	<0.001
Study: PREVIEW^¥	0.568 (0.438–0.737)	<0.001	0.699 (0.590–0.826)	<0.001
Study: INSIST^¥			1.670 (1.196–2.332)	0.003
Physician determinants
Years in practice (per 1 year)			0.988 (0.981–0.994)	<0.001
DBP control at 90 days
Patient determinants
Age (per 1 year)	1.015 (1.005–1.024)	0.002	1.007 (1.003–1.012)	0.003
DBP at diagnosis of HT (per 1 mmHg)	0.969 (0.956–0.979)	<0.001	0.965 (0.959–0.971)	<0.001
Adherence	1.348 (1.096–1.659)	0.005	1.443 (1.270–1.640)	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease (MI & coronary)			1.238 (1.016–1.510)	0.034
Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)	0.998 (0.995–1.000)	0.020	0.998 (0.997–1.000)	0.0119
Valsartan dose (0/80/160 mg)			0.845 (0.734–0.972)	0.019
HCTZ dose (0/12.5/25 mg)	0.669 (0.541–0.827)	<0.001	0.650 (0.566–0.748)	<0.001
Study: INSIST^¥			1.941 (1.248–3.019)	0.003
Study: IMPROVE^¥	1.761 (1.230–2.519)	0.002	1.347 (1.055–1.719)	0.017
Physician determinants
HT patients seen in past year(per 1 patient)			1.000 (1.000–1.001)	0.0063
SBP/DBP control at 90 days
Patient determinants
SBP at diagnosis of HT (per 1 mmHg)	0.986 (0.981–0.991)	<0.001	0.981 (0.978–0.984)	<0.001
Adherence	1.619 (1.367–1.917)	<0.001	1.473 (1.299–1.589)	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease (MI & coronary)	1.310 (1.066–1.609)	0.010
Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)	0.998 (0.996–0.999)	0.007	0.997 (0.996–0.999)	<0.001
Valsartan dose (0/80/160 mg)	0.726 (0.608–0.867)	<0.001	0.803 (0.720–0.894)	<0.001
HCTZ dose (0/12.5/25 mg)	0.757 (0.635–0.903)	0.002	0.683 (0.611–0.764)	<0.001
Study: INSIST^¥			1.630 (1.173–2.265)	0.004
Study: PREVIEW^¥	0.560 (0.431–0.728)	<0.001	0.721 (0.610–0.851)	<0.001
Physician determinants
Years in practice (per 1 year)			0.988 (0.982–0.995)	<0.001

SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HT: hypertension; HCTZ: hydrochlorothiazide; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; MI: myocardial infarct. ^¥Reference study: EXCELLENT.