Antihypertensive Medications and Change in Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 1
Age- prevalence of American adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertensive CKD treated for hypertension by five classes of medications and CKD stages: NHANES 1999–2012.
Population
CKD
1999–2004 % (SE)
2005–2008 % (SE)
2009–2012 % (SE)
CKD & HTN treated
Total
N = 1122 55.58 (1.81)
N = 916 62.13 (1.87)
N = 1007 64.76 (1.91)
Stage 1
17.80 (2.15)
17.18 (1.83)
16.65 (2.01)
Stage 2
24.81 (2.43)
26.64 (2.36)
25.06 (2.68)
Stage 3
51.38 (2.68)
52.08 (3.40)
52.10 (3.19)
Stages 4 & 5
6.00 (1.34)
4.09 (0.78)
6.17 (1.02)
Poly- or monotherapy
N = 1049
N = 874
N = 968
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE I)
Total
462
395
424
42.48 (1.93)
47.68 (1.68)
40.40 (2.08)
Stage 1
13.91 (2.98)
17.38 (2.58)
20.49 (3.22)
Stage 2
28.61 (4.46)
31.59 (3.58)
28.40 (3.38)
Stage 3
51.40 (3.89)
48.42 (3.89)
46.14 (4.03)
Stages 4 & 5
6.08∗ (1.89)
2.60 (0.70)
4.96∗ (1.79)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Total
176
218
282
15.93 (1.78)
22.30 (2.30)
26.10 (2.37)
Stage 1
18.28 (4.76)
12.13∗ (4.04)
5.83∗ (2.24)
Stage 2
24.88 (5.42)
22.72 (5.47)
19.56 (5.32)
Stage 3
52.17 (5.07)
59.24 (6.43)
66.56 (5.16)
Stages 4 & 5
4.65∗ (1.50)
5.89∗ (2.08)
8.03 (1.89)
β-blockers (BB)
Total
365
434
465
38.14 (2.35)
43.62 (2.70)
41.64 (3.16)
Stage 1
13.07 (3.13)
14.41 (3.76)
9.29 (2.27)
Stage 2
23.04 (3.02)
24.95 (3.51)
26.90 (3.84)
Stage 3
55.20 (3.58)
53.36 (4.96)
54.38 (4.00)
Stages 4 & 5
8.69 (2.12)
7.27 (1.58)
9.41 (2.16)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Total
427
332
339
32.39 (1.92)
32.84 (2.17)
30.34 (3.21)
Stage 1
14.69 (3.18)
16.46 (3.64)
20.29 (4.08)
Stage 2
26.76 (4.21)
25.41 (4.15)
21.51 (3.89)
Stage 3
47.83 (3.82)
53.15 (5.71)
48.53 (4.69)
Stages 4 & 5
10.71 (2.89)
4.98 (1.47)
9.66 (2.14)
Diuretics (DIU)
Total
549
495
494
51.95 (2.68)
51.06 (2.50)
47.77 (2.35)
Stage 1
15.21 (2.53)
13.86 (2.87)
15.34 (2.90)
Stage 2
22.19 (3.10)
26.82 (3.53)
18.80 (2.73)
Stage 3
58.07 (3.27)
54.33 (4.04)
58.62 (3.94)
Stages 4 & 5
4.51 (1.10)
4.98 (1.26)
7.23 (1.60)
Polytherapy
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE I)
Total
345
317
324
31.10 (1.62)
34.68 (2.19)
28.81 (2.42)
Stage 1
11.49 (2.45)
14.85 (2.42)
18.46 (3.73)
Stage 2
23.99 (4.32)
30.01 (3.47)
27.24 (4.25)
Stage 3
55.36 (4.21)
51.72 (4.40)
48.53 (3.86)
Stages 4 & 5
9.16∗ (3.07)
3.41 (1.01)
5.76∗ (2.03)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Total
144
189
227
12.26 (1.44)
18.17 (2.21)
21.56 (2.22)
Stage 1
14.74∗ (5.72)
14.58∗ (4.86)
5.98∗ (2.48)
Stage 2
29.58 (6.57)
24.02 (6.03)
15.87 (4.38)
Stage 3
49.97 (5.61)
55.15 (6.53)
70.72 (5.06)
Stages 4 & 5
5.70∗ (1.96)
6.24∗ (1.87)
7.42 (1.94)
β-blockers (BB)
Total
315
370
404
32.45 (2.06)
36.08 (2.39)
34.33 (2.71)
Stage 1
10.92 (2.93)
12.26∗ (3.91)
11.50 (2.94)
Stage 2
23.47 (3.37)
25.75 (3.65)
20.72 (3.90)
Stage 3
56.55 (3.65)
54.99 (5.21)
54.89 (4.35)
Stages 4 & 5
9.06 (2.17)
6.99 (1.78)
12.87 (3.28)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Total
309
298
285
24.72 (1.91)
29.81 (2.22)
24.64 (3.10)
Stage 1
9.88 (2.55)
14.00 (3.41)
18.49 (4.37)
Stage 2
26.28 (4.79)
25.47 (4.38)
19.55 (4.24)
Stage 3
50.59 (4.29)
55.01 (6.18)
50.64 (4.80)
Stages 4 & 5
13.24 (3.46)
5.51 (1.60)
11.31 (2.61)
Diuretics (DIU)
Total
511
470
460
49.36 (2.55)
46.98 (2.34)
42.05 (2.35)
Stage 1
14.76 (2.57)
15.68 (3.51)
12.04 (3.20)
Stage 2
22.09 (3.19)
26.32 (3.98)
19.00 (3.14)
Stage 3
58.61 (3.31)
52.71 (4.21)
59.86 (4.48)
Stages 4 & 5
4.53 (1.16)
5.28 (1.34)
9.09 (2.43)
Monotherapy
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE I)
Total
117
78
100
11.38 (1.59)
13.00 (2.18)
11.59 (1.78)
Stage 1
16.63∗ (5.53)
21.82 (4.47)
24.97 (5.16)
Stage 2
36.24 (6.89)
33.29 (5.41)
32.19 (6.85)
Stage 3
45.40 (5.76)
44.49 (5.70)
41.60 (6.72)
Stages 4 & 5
1.72∗ (1.19)
0.39∗ (0.41)
1.24∗ (0.65)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Total
32
29
55
3.67 (0.99)
4.13 (1.08)
4.54 (0.74)
Stage 1
27.57∗ (9.96)
4.85∗ (3.12)
Stage 2
9.41∗ (4.24)
37.07∗ (12.63)
Stage 3
62.22 (10.37)
47.57 (8.88)
Stages 4 & 5
0.79∗ (0.81)
10.50∗ (5.34)
β-blockers (BB)
Total
50
64
61
5.69 (1.36)
7.55 (1.42)
7.31 (1.75)
Stage 1
25.90 (6.64)
1.43∗ (1.18)
Stage 2
22.04∗ (7.71)
43.74 (10.40)
Stage 3
44.35 (9.61)
54.53 (10.46)
Stages 4 & 5
7.69∗ (4.15)
0.29∗ (0.29)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Total
118
34
54
7.67 (1.21)
3.03 (0.71)
5.70 (1.29)
Stage 1
28.52 (5.62)
27.20 (7.21)
Stage 2
28.85 (6.87)
30.38 (7.91)
Stage 3
39.36 (5.46)
39.04 (10.77)
Stages 4 & 5
3.26∗ (1.28)
3.38∗ (2.04)
Diuretics (DIU)
Total
38
25
34
2.59 (0.62)
4.08∗ (1.34)
5.73 (1.65)
Stage 1
20.99∗ (8.61)
6.71∗ (4.92)
29.59 (6.83)
Stage 2
29.29∗ (11.04)
19.98∗ (8.86)
11.98∗ (5.43)
Stage 3
45.03 (11.72)
73.31 (8.34)
58.41 (7.14)
Stages 4 & 5
4.69∗ (3.15)
0
0
Monotherapy Number of class meds = 1
Total
382
241
312
31.69 (2.18)
32.51 (2.68)
35.24 (2.94)
Stage 1
22.71 (3.83)
20.64 (2.06)
19.11 (3.37)
Stage 2
28.15 (4.43)
26.10 (4.31)
32.31 (3.75)
Stage 3
46.37 (3.59)
50.82 (4.68)
46.21 (4.63)
Stages 4 & 5
2.76 (0.83)
2.43∗ (0.97)
2.35∗ (0.81)
Polytherapy Number of class meds > 1
Total
667
633
656
65.76 (2.24)
66.32 (2.71)
62.21 (3.31)
Stage 1
13.93 (2.49)
14.35 (2.43)
14.65 (2.94)
Stage 2
23.28 (2.86)
26.65 (2.80)
20.17 (2.86)
Stage 3
55.45 (2.82)
53.97 (4.13)
56.20 (3.59)
Stages 4 & 5
7.33 (1.62)
5.03 (1.10)
8.97 (1.85)
statistically unreliable estimates with relative standard errors > 30%. -standardized to the 2000 US standard population using 4 age groups.
