Antihypertensive Medications and Change in Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 3
Age-standardized prevalence of American adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertensive CKD treated For hypertension by combination of five classes of medications: NHANES 1999–2012.
Combination of classes
1999–2004 % (SE)
2005–2008 % (SE)
2009–2012 % (SE)
ACE I + ARB
0.12∗ (0.09)
0.33∗ (0.18)
0.04∗ (0.03)
ACE I + BB
3.41 (0.89)
4.06 (1.02)
4.24 (0.73)
ACE I + CCB
4.59 (0.86)
4.39 (0.88)
3.24∗ (1.22)
ACE I + DIU
10.82 (1.54)
6.84 (1.17)
7.36 (1.33)
ARB + BB
0.52∗ (0.19)
1.11 (0.21)
1.92∗ (0.76)
ARB +
0.44∗ (0.16)
1.88∗ (0.64)
1.82∗ (1.12)
ARB + DIU
4.22 (0.91)
4.31 (1.05)
4.64 (0.85)
BB + CCB
2.12 (0.51)
2.88 (0.64)
1.44 (0.41)
BB + DIUX
12.11 (1.72)
5.48 (0.92)
5.21 (1.37)
CCB + DIUX
3.85 (0.69)
3.28 (0.96)
1.91∗ (0.82)
ACE I + ARB + BB
0.00 (0.00)
0.57∗ (0.51)
0.14∗ (0.11)
ACE I + ARB + CCB
0.22∗ (0.16)
0.22∗ (0.20)
0.06∗ (0.04)
ACE I + ARB + DIU
0.17∗ (0.14)
0.21∗ (0.12)
0.03∗ (0.03)
ACE I + BB + CCB
2.45∗ (0.91)
2.40∗ (0.96)
2.00 (0.48)
ACE I + BB + DIU
2.23 (0.50)
6.79 (1.22)
5.74 (1.13)
ACE I + CCB + DIU
3.09 (0.70)
5.02 (1.30)
2.39∗ (0.82)
ARB + BB + CCB
0.34∗ (0.26)
0.40∗ (0.14)
2.49∗ (0.88)
ARB + BB + DIU
3.08 (0.69)
4.70 (0.81)
4.66 (1.27)
ARB + CCB + DIU
1.57∗ (0.50)
1.81∗ (0.61)
2.88 (0.81)
BB + CCB + DIU
2.13 (0.55)
2.25 (0.52)
1.11∗ (0.35)
ACE I + ARB + BB + CCB
0.04∗ (0.04)
0.33∗ (0.21)
0.03∗ (0.03)
ACE I + ARB + BB + DIU
0.35∗ (0.19)
0.21∗ (0.15)
0.17∗ (0.11)
ACE I + ARB + CCB + DIU
0.48∗ (0.48)
0.08∗ (0.06)
0.14∗ (0.08)
ARB + BB + CCB + DIU
0.31∗ (0.12)
1.67∗ (0.61)
1.88 (0.52)
ACEI + ARB + BB + CCB + DIU
0.20∗ (0.16)
0.17∗ (0.10)
0.49∗ (0.24)
ACEI = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; BB = β-blockers; CCB = Calcium Channel Blockers; DIU = Diuretics. ∗Potentially statistically unreliable estimates with relative standard errors > 30%. use of this combination demonstrated significant increase in odds of advanced stages of CKD compared to odd of early stages, 1999 through 2012 ().
