Review Article

Dust Explosion Prevention and Mitigation, Status and Developments in Basic Knowledge and in Practical Application

Table 2

Fundamental aspects addressed in dust explosion research.

Dust cloud formation processes Dust cloud ignition processes Flame propagation processes in dust clouds Blast waves generated by burning dust clouds

Inter-particle forces in dust deposits (cohesion) General theories for ignition of single particles and clouds Single-particle ignition and combustion in hot oxidizer gas Blast wave properties as a function of properties of burning dust clouds
Entrainment of particles from dust deposits by shock waves passing across the deposit surface Ignition by smouldering combustion in dust layers/deposits Laminar and turbulent flames in dust clouds Effects of blast waves on humans and mechanical structures
Ignition by hot surfaces
Entrainment of particles from dust deposits by turbulent gas flows Transport of dust particles in turbulent gas flows Ignition by flying burning metal particles Mechanisms of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation) Ability of blast waves from dust explosions to transform dust layers into explosive dust clouds (coupled to first column of table)
Ignition by electric sparks and arcs
Ignition by electrostatic discharges Limit conditions for flame propagation in dust clouds (particle properties, dust conc., oxygen conc., geometry).
Ignition by hot gas jets
Ignition by shock waves
Measurement and characterization of turbulence in dust clouds Ignition by hot-spots from focused light beams Acceleration of flames in dust clouds by turbulence mechanisms
Measurement and characterization of spatial distribution of particles in dust clouds Influences on dust cloud ignition sensitivity of cloud properties (composition, size, shape of particles, dust concentration, composition, turbulence, temperature and pressure of gas phase) Detonation phenomena in dust clouds