Coupling Solvent Extraction Units to Cyclic Adsorption Units

Table 2

Typical values and ranges of intrinsic parameters for adsorption and extraction. AC = activated carbon.

Adsorption parameter	System	Range	Extraction parameter	System	Range
, adim.; (mol kg^−1)/(mol L^−1)	Oleic acid-biodiesel-silica [8]; p-aminobenzoic acid-water- resin [9]; Naphthalene-water-carbon [10]; Sulfur compounds-diesel-AC [11]; Thiophene-naphtha-NaY [12]; Naphthenic acid-toluene-clay [13]; dichlorobenzene-methanol-graphene [14]; Oleic acid-methanol-AC (this work)	20–50; 20; 1; 0.6; 2.1; 2.3; 598; 33	, adim.; (mol L^−1)/(mol L^−1)	Toluene-Acetone-Water [15]; Oleic acid-cannoli oil-methanol [16]; Methylene chloride-ethanol-water [17]; Sunflower oil-oleic-acid-methanol (this work)	0.967; 0.705; 0.133; 0.7415
, mol kg^−1	Oleic acid over silica [8]; p-aminobenzoic acid-water- resin [9]; Naphthalene-water-carbon [10]; sulfur compounds-diesel-AC [11]; thiophene-naphtha-NaY [12]; Oleic acid-methanol-AC (this work)	4.96; 2.372; 0.272; 0.003; 2.713; 2.98	,; mol L^−1	Toluene-acetone-water [15]; Oleic acid-canola oil-methanol [16]; Methylene chloride-ethanol-water [17]; Sunflower oil-oleic-acid-methanol (this work)	0.498; 0.31; 0.0225; 0.104
, cm^2	Silica [8]	10^4–10^5	, cm^2	Stirred tank, Re > 10000 [18]; Continuous stirred tank [19]; Packed bed [20]; Slug flow [21]; Static mixer [14]; Spray column (this work)	10–250; 3.2–130; 1.5–3; 20–40; 30–300; 3
	Resin [9]	10^7
	NaY [12]	10^6–10^7
	Norit [11]	10^6
	AC [10]	10^7
	AC (this work)	10^7
,	Oleic acid-biodiesel-silica [8]; Naphthalene-water-carbon [10]; p-aminobenzoic acid-water- resin [9]; thiophene-naphtha-NaY [12]; sulfur compounds-diesel-AC [11]; Oleic acid-methanol-AC (this work)	0.0365; 0.044; 0.060; 0.167; 0.004; 0.066	,	Water-kerosene-acetic acid, column [22]; Toluene-acetic acid–water, column [23]; Sunflower oil-oleic acid-methanol, stirred tank (this work)	0.054; 0.049; 0.75

Per unit volume of packed bed; per unit volume of extractor, coefficients for the continuous phase (usually the solvent for high solvent-to-feed systems); Calculation of is done with equations and of Table 1. = overall mass transfer coefficient, L-L extraction, continuous phase side ( in example of this work). Calculation of is done with equations and of Table 1.