Evaluation of Separate and Simultaneous Kinetic Parameters for Levulinic Acid and Furfural Production from Pretreated Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

Table 3

Comparison of kinetic parameters for LA production.

	Reaction rate constants	[22]	[21]	This study
Activation energy Ea (kJ/mol)	kGLN	144.85	188.9	132.37
	kGLC1	152.14	155.5	212.40
	kGLC2	161.41	186.2	188.31
	kHMF	101.63	121.3	42.55
Acid reaction order (–)	kGLN	1.57	1.40	0.78
	kGLC1	1.14	1.39	2.00
	kGLC2	1.08	0.90	1.66
	kHMF	1.32	1.95	1.15