Chemocatalytic Production of Lactates from Biomass-Derived Sugars

Table 1

Catalytic transformation of lactic acid from different feedstocks by alkaline.

Entry	Substrate	Catalyst	Reaction conditions	Yield of LA (%)	Reference
1	Glycolaldehyde	NaOH	300°C, 10 min	28.1	[26]
2	Glucose	NaOH	300°C, 1 min	27	[27]
		Ca(OH)2	300°C, 1 min	20
3	Glycerin	KOH	300°C, 80 min	90	[28]
4	Glucose	NaOH	300°C, 1 min	27	[29]
	Glucose	Ca(OH)2	300°C, 1 min	20
	Cellulose	Ca(OH)2	300°C, 90 s	19.2
	Starch	Ca(OH)2	300°C, 90 s	18.7
5	Cellulose	NaOH + Ni	300°C, 1 min	34.1	[30]
6	Glucose	NaOH + CuO	188°C, 0.15 min	59	[31]
7	Cellulose	NaOH + Zn/Ni/C	300°C, 5 min	42	[32]
8	Glucose	NaOH + NiCl2	300°C, 1 min	25	[33]
9	Glucose	Na2SiO3	300°C, 1 min	30	[34]
10	D-Glucose	Hydrotalcite	50°C, 8 h	20.3	[35]
11	D-Glucose	KOH/Al2O3; Microwave	180°C, microwave 3.1 W·g^−1, 40 min	75	[36]
	D-Mannose			41
	D-Fructose			36
	D-Ribose			43
	D-Arabinose			35
	D-Sucrose			23
12	Hydroxyacetone	Pt/MgO-Al2O3-800	40°C, 6 h	100 (selectivity)	[37]
13	Glucose	[IMEP]Cl, NaOH	100°C, 30 min, N2	63	[38]
		[IMEP]Cl, KOH		65.5
14	Glucose	Ba(OH)2	250°C, 3 min	57	[39]
15	Glucose	Ba(OH)2	Ball milling (solvent-free)	35.6	[40]
16	Glucose	Ba(OH)2	25°C, 48 h	95.4	[41]
	Fructose			83.5
17	Corn cobs	Ca(OH)2	300°C, 30 min	44.76	[42]
18	Bread residues	Ca(OH)2	300°C, 30 min	73	[43]
19	Rice straw	NaOH, NiO nanoplates	260°C, 2 h	58.81	[44]
20	Alginate	CaO	200°C, 6 h	14.66	[45]