Formaldehyde-Free Wood Composite Fabricated Using Oil Palm Starch Modified with Glutardialdehyde as the Binder

Table 2

Statistical analysis for wood composites made using OPS and OPSMG as a binder.

Panel type	Target density (g/cm^3)	Measured density (g/cm^3)	Moisture content (%)	Thickness swelling (%)		Water absorption (%)		Bending test (N/mm^2)		Internal bonding strength (N/mm^2)
				2 h	24 h	2 h	24 h	Modulus of elasticity	Modulus of rupture
OPS	0.60	0.56 (0.07)^a	5.72 (0.02)^a	70.20 (17.32)^a	78.93 (21.61)^a	140.17 (15.92)^a	213.26 (47.68)^a	661.20 (192.73)^a	2.80 (0.75)^a	0.08 (0.02)^a
	0.70	0.67 (0.07)^b	5.54 (0.07)^b	83.98 (20.74)^ab	89.44 (24.03)^a	145.51 (10.15)^a	177.32 (6.23)^b	1860.06 (450.77)^b	8.15 (2.86)^b	0.10 (0.01)^b
	0.80	0.76 (0.12)^c	6.10 (0.14)^c	100.69 (19.07)^b	109.07 (13.53)^b	146.02 (28.29)^a	178.79 (32.36)^b	2569.77 (409.38)^b	9.58 (1.25)^c	0.22 (0.01)^c
OPSMG	0.60	0.57 (0.10)^a	6.40 (0.44)^a	57.38 (19.84)^a	67.95 (24.78)^a	130.38 (7.26)^a	165.47 (8.28)^a	2057.54 (345.90)^a	7.15 (2.15)^a	0.43 (0.05)^a
	0.70	0.67 (0.10)^b	5.27 (0.20)^b	60.88 (14.67)^a	72.46 (17.84)^ab	121.84 (11.96)^b	162.18 (15.88)^a	2354.23 (175.51)^a	7.78 (1.66)^a	0.45 (0.06)^a
	0.80	0.75 (0.10)^c	5.56 (0.06)^b	80.89 (13.99)^b	97.60 (10.08)^b	128.79 (4.40)^b	163.49 (9.99)^a	3944.62 (957.70)^b	15.45 (5.56)^b	0.59 (0.06)^b

Different letters in a same column and same panel type show a significant difference at α value of 0.05; values in parenthesis are the standard deviation.