Upgrading Bio-Oil Produced from Corn Cobs and Cedrela odorata via Catalytic Olefination and Esterification with 3,7-Dimethyloct-1-ene and Butanol

Table 3

Analysis of FT-IR spectra of the raw and activated biochar from C. odorata.

S/N	CO biochar	Sulfonated CO	Band assignment
1	458.74		C-H bending
2		617.00	C-O-H bending
3	873.09		C-H out-of-plane bending of benzene derivatives
4		1034.96, 1180.00	S=O symmetrical stretching
5	1441.69	1379.02	In-plane O-H bending and C-O stretch of dimers
6	1596.17	1592.38	C=O stretching vibration for -COOH groups
7	2352.94	2352.94	C-H bending
8	2857.14, 2924.36	2929.97	C-H stretching
9	3440.00	3419.00	O-H stretching vibration of hydroxyl functional groups