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| Year | Author | Title | Outcome/Significant of the study | Remarks |
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| 2018 | [11] | Progress of biogas industry in Malaysia: cattle manure (CM) as potential substrate for biogas production and issue and challenges | (i) According to the analysis, CM can produce 1,650,463 kW·hr of electrical energy, which is equivalent to 1.2% of the biogas plant’s current power production in Malaysia
(ii) In 2020, based on an annual growth rate of 0.6% for the cow population, it is anticipated that 0.56 million cattle will generate 28,150 m3 of methane (CH4) per day and have the capacity to generate 1,670,268 kWh per day. | (i) This paper’s main focus revolves on the usage of cattle manure as potential feedstock for biogas production |
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| 2018 | [12] | Economic feasibility of feed-in tariff (FiT) for biomethane injection into natural gas distribution grid | (i) According to preliminary findings, the FiT rate ranges from 40.81 to 227.85 MYR/GJ for biomethane production units located within 1,000 m of the injection point and of four different sizes: 250 m3/h, 500 m3/h, 750 m3/h, and 1,000 m3/h.
(ii) On the basis of the rising trend of piped gas prices and the government’s subsidy rationalization strategy, it is anticipated that biomethane, given the right policy regulations and FiT mechanism, can be a renewable gas as competitive as natural gas. | (i) This paper’s main focus is to evaluate on the FiT mechanism implementation in Malaysia with economic assessment consideration |
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| 2019 | [9] | Biomethane from palm oil mill effluent (POME): transportation fuel potential in Malaysia | (i) It was discovered that a palm oil mill in Malaysia is capable of producing 1,000 to 4,200 tonnes of biomethane per year and can power 1,309, 2,129, and 3,240 cars annually, depending on its size.
(ii) The finding indicates that approximately 103,091 cars in Malaysia can be fueled with biomethane annually. | (i) The companies involved for biogas capture was briefly mentioned without any detail explanation
(ii) The entire paper focused was mainly on utilizing biomethane as transportation fuel only |
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| 2019 | [13] | The potential of using biogas feeding for fuel cells in Malaysia | (i) By 2030, it is anticipated that palm oil residue will have the capacity to generate around 1,474 MW, a nearly 50 percent increase
(ii) There is still a need for the government to build up a number of incentives, including subsidies as well as assistance and financing of biogas facilities and technology, despite its enormous potential in the energy production industry. | (i) This paper aims to identify the potential use of biogas to be fed to fuel cells, and determine the conservation of conventional resources and reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in electricity generation |
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| 2019 | [7] | Integrated system technology of POME treatment for biohydrogen and biomethane production in Malaysia | (i) Compared to a single-stage system, an integrated system would have a better biogas generation rate and a higher percentage of COD removal efficiency.
(ii) The two-stage fermentation method is more stable in terms of its operations and has a greater energy recovery rate. | (i) This paper reviewed relevant literature studies on treating POME and other organic waste using integrated bioreactor for biomethane production |
| 2019 | [14] | A review on life cycle assessment of biogas production: challenges and future perspectives in Malaysia | (i) Previous research from other countries indicates that the examination of biogas systems from a life cycle perspective could help optimize the biogas system.
(ii) As for the scope of this study, it was divided into six categories: environmental performance, energy performance, energy and environmental performance, environmental and economic performance, energy, environmental and economic performance, and specific factors that influence biogas production performance. | (i) This paper highlights and discusses the feasibility of LCA approach on biogas production from POME as well as the opportunities and challenges from the Malaysian perspective. |
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| 2020 | [15] | Economic feasibility of smart city power generation from biogas produced by food waste in Malaysia via techno-economic analysis | (i) According to the economic analysis, a 72 kW biogas plant could be constructed to provide around 630,000 kWh of power for 500 households at a unit production cost of 0.07 USD/kWh.
(ii) Unfortunately, it takes approximately 11 years for a small biogas plant to recoup its initial cost. | (i) This paper give insight on economic feasibility of biogas production from municipal food waste for electricity generation to be utilized in existing and new township |
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| 2020 | [16] | Biogas production optimization from palm oil mill effluent: experiments with anaerobic reactor | (i) This study shows that the biogas generation performance of CSTR might be enhanced by employing a POME substrate with the optimal C/N ratio and organic loading rate (OLR).
(ii) The outcomes of this study would be useful for optimizing biogas production from POME as waste to energy (WtE) in palm oil mills. | (i) This paper aims to present research conducted on biogas production performance of anaerobic digestion process of palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
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| 2021 | [17] | Strategies to promote biogas generation and utilisation from palm oil mill effluent (Malaysia) | (i) According to the findings, the construction of an integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system in a typical 60 t/h mill in Malaysia could export up to an average of 1.9 MW of electrical power.
(ii) The effective deployment of an integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 50,430 t CO2 per year compared to the typical open ponding system used in the industry. | (i) The aim of this paper is to synthesize and optimize an integrated biogas and wastewater treatment system via a process systems engineering tool that yields maximum economic performance |
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| 2021 | [1] | Review of biowastes to energy in Malaysia: Current technology, scalability and socioeconomic analysis | (i) Several concerns and challenges have been found for the transition from laboratory size to industrial scale, where parameters such as pH, temperature, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), and mixing rate must be properly managed
(ii) The socioeconomic survey conducted as part of this study demonstrated the high acceptability of this technology and the population’s eagerness to contribute and participate in this effort. | (i) This review paper focused on the current biogas technologies, their scalability and socioeconomic analysis on biowastes to energy in Malaysia. |
| 2022 | [18] | Evaluation of potential feedstock for biogas production via anaerobic digestion in Malaysia: Kinetic studies and economics analysis | (i) POME and food waste (FW) have the largest methane yields with biogas yields of up to 0.50 L/g VS, while landfill leachate has the lowest at 0.12 L/g VS.
(ii) The economic study demonstrates that POME has the shortest payback period (PBP), the best internal rate of return (IRR), and the greatest net present value (NPV). | (i) This paper aims to determine the potential feedstocks for biogas production via AD based on their characteristics, methane yield, kinetic studies and economic analysis |
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| 2022 | [19] | Waste-to-renewable energy Transition: Biogas generation for sustainable development (Malaysia) | (i) Animal manure in Malaysia can produce up to 1,317.20 mm3/year of biogas, which can ultimately result in the production of 2.1 104 kWh/year of electricity
(ii) Relevant policies for Malaysia to implement long-term biogas generation are discussed. | (i) The article consists of an explanation of various technologies of power generation utilizing municipal waste |
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| 2022 | [20] | Recent challenges of biogas production and its conversion to electrical energy | (i) The findings of this review demonstrate that biogas is a good renewable energy since it addresses several problems and provides numerous benefits to humans.
(ii) This comprises the substrates used, the operating settings, and the pretreatment employed in order to maximize the biogas yield. | (i) The review covers the recent challenges of biogas production and its conversion to electrical energy |
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| 2022 | Our study | Methane biogas production in Malaysia: challenge and future plan | (i) Other potential feedstocks such as agriculturally based biomass, animal manure-based biomass and even algal-based biomass were thoroughly discussed
(ii) System incorporated for biomethane production by companies like CENERGI, FGV, FutureNrg were also discussed
(iii) Recent studies related to biomethane production such as biogas capture and the potential application and utilization of captured biogas was found emphasized on combined heat and power (CHP) for the production of steam and electricity | (i) This paper aims to provide an overview of Malaysia’s biomethane production that is not limited to a single aspect, as it covers multiple aspects including challenges, current development, other potential feedstock for biomethane production, government incentives, and detailed information on a number of leading companies currently active in Malaysia’s biogas industry. |
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