Crude Oil Foulant Deposition Studies on a Heated Surface Using a Novel Batch Stirred Coupon Test Rig

Table 1

Summary of important experimental investigations conducted on fouling.

Test facility	Test fluid	Tbi (°C)	Tbo (°C)	(°C)
Continuous flow system [17]	Crude oil	130	220	300
Batch autoclave [23]	10% Indene in kerosene	82	—	188
Continuous flow loop system [24]	Crude oil	70–85	—	100–125
Continuous hot liquid process simulator (HLPS) [25]	Light crude oil	65	—	250–400
Batch stirred cell system [26]	Crude oil blends	240–280	—	345–420
Pilot-scale parallel tube apparatus [27]	Maya crude oil	150	—	250–280
Continuous flow loop system with recirculation [1]	Crude oil and heavy oil blends	85	—	220–370
Continuous high-temperature fouling unit [28]	Crude oils	40–300	—	114–515
High-pressure crude oil fouling rig [29]	Nonfouling oil	<100	—	−
Continuous bench-type fouling test rig [30]	Crude oils and blends	—	—	393