|
Campus | Waste generated | Feedstock for composting | Composting methods | Compost characteristics | References |
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Sewage sludge |
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana | NA | Sewage sludge: organic waste solid (food leftover, fruit waste, vegetable waste) | Open windrow pile | C/N: 9.1–10.2 | [22] |
| | | (Dimension: 1 m height × 1.5 m wide) | pH: 5.2–8.0 | |
| | | (Manual turning) | OM (%): 46.7–56.7 | |
| | | | Ash (%): 43.3–57.0 | |
| | | | N (%): 2.7–3.5 | |
| | | | P (%): 0.7–1.7 | |
| | | | K (%):0.2–0.8 | |
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India | 150 kg | Sewage sludge, cattle manure, sawdust | Rotary drum composter | M/C (%): 43.2–55.2 | [66] |
| | | (550 L capacity, batch mode) | C/N: 8.5–11.9 | |
| | | (Manual turning) | pH: 7.4–7.6 | |
| | | | OM (%): NA | |
| | | | Ash (%): NA | |
| | | | N (%): 1.5–2.1 | |
| | | | P (%): 3.2–4.4 | |
| | | | K (%):8.3–9.9 | |
|
Food waste |
Anna University, Chennai, India | 350 kg/day | Food waste, yard waste, paper waste | In-vessel | MC: 49.8–63.1% | [67] |
| | | | C/N: 9.1–47.2 | |
| | | | pH: 6.1–7.6 | |
| | | | N: 0.4–2.9% | |
| | | | P: 0.1–0.3% | |
| | | | K: 0.1% | |
| | | | GI: 45.0–120.0% | |
Kean University (KU) Union Campus, United States | 125 kg/day | Food waste: wood chips | In-vessel | NA | [68] |
V J Technological Institute, India | NA | Food waste, vegetable waste, fruit waste | In-vessel | MC: 32.2–33.4% | [69] |
| | | | C/N: 36.0–45.0 | |
| | | | pH: 6.5–7.5 | |
| | | | N: 0.9–1.0% | |
| | | | P: 0.9–1.0% | |
| | | | K: 0.7–0.9% | |
| | | | GI: 71.1–81.7% | |
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia | 25.5 kg/day for one cafeteria | Food waste, dry leaves | In-vessel | NA | [28] |
University Malaya, Malaysia | 200 kg/day | Food waste, yard waste | Aerated static pile | MC:29.54% | [70] |
| | | | pH:6.6 | |
| | | | N: 2.39% | |
| | | | P: 2.82% | |
| | | | K:0.21% | |
Virginia Military Institute (VMI) | 378 kg/day | Food waste, bark leaves, paper | Aerated static pile | MC: 67.4–70.4% | [71] |
| | | | C/N: NA | |
| | | | pH: NA | |
| | | | N: NA | |
| | | | P: NA | |
| | | | K: NA | |
University of Nottingham, Malaysia | 130 kg/day | Food waste, leaves | Windrow | C/N: 12 | [30] |
| | | | pH: 7.3 | |
| | | | N: 2.62% | |
| | | | P: 3.39% | |
| | | | K: 0.58% | |
University of Minnesota, Morris (UMM) | NA | Food waste, food-spoiled paper | Windrow | NA | [72] |
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana | NA | Food waste, sewage sludge, fruit waste, and vegetable waste | Windrow | MC: NA | [22] |
| | | | C/N: 9.4–11.6 | |
| | | | pH: NA | |
| | | | N: 2.2–3.5% | |
| | | | P: 0.5–1.7% | |
| | | | K: 0.2–1.1% | |
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